Bokooa ba kelello

Bokooa ba kelello ke boemo bo fumanoeng pele ho lilemo tse 18 bo kenyelletsang tšebetso e tlase ho mahlale le khaello ea tsebo e hlokahalang bakeng sa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi.

Nakong e fetileng, poleloana ea ho holofala kelellong e ne e sebelisetsoa ho hlalosa boemo bona. Lentsoe lena ha le sa sebelisoa.

Bokooa ba kelello bo ama batho ba ka bang 1% ho isa ho 3%. Ho na le lisosa tse ngata tsa bokooa ba kelello, empa lingaka li fumana lebaka le ikhethang ho linyeoe tse 25% feela.

Lisosa tsa kotsi li amana le lisosa. Lisosa tsa bokooa ba kelello li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ts'oaetso (e teng nakong ea tsoalo kapa e etsahala kamora ho hlaha)
• Chromosomal e sa tloaelehang (e kang Down syndrome)
• Tikoloho
• Metabolic (joalo ka hyperbilirubinemia, kapa maemo a phahameng haholo a bilirubin ho masea)
• Phepo e nepahetseng (joalo ka khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng)
• Chefo (ho pepesehela joala, k'hok'heine, li-amphetamine le lithethefatsi tse ling)
• Trauma (pele le kamora ho hlaha)
• Ho sa hlalosehe (lingaka ha li tsebe lebaka la bokooa ba motho ba kelello)

Joaloka lelapa, o ka belaela hore ngoana oa hau o na le bokooa ba kelello ha ngoana oa hau a na le tse latelang:

• Ho hloka kapa ho holisa butle litsebo tsa makoloi, tsebo ea puo, le tsebo ea ho ithusa, haholo ha ho bapisoa le lithaka
• Ho sitoa ho hola kelellong kapa boits'oaro bo tsoelang pele bo tšoanang le ba masea
• Ho hloka tjantjello
• Mathata ho boloka sekolo
• Ho hloleha ho ikamahanya le maemo (tloaela maemo a macha)
• Kutloisiso e thata le ho latela melao ea sechaba

Matšoao a bokooa ba kelello a ka fapana ho tloha boemong bo bonolo ho isa ho bo boima.

Hangata liteko tsa nts'etsopele li sebelisoa ho lekola ngoana:

• Teko e sa tloaelehang ea ntlafatso ea tlhahlobo ea Denver
• Lintlha tsa Boitšoaro bo ikhethileng ka tlase ho karolelano
• Nts'etsopele ka tlase ho ea lithaka
• Lintlha tsa Intelligence quotient (IQ) tse ka tlase ho 70 tekong e lekantsoeng ea IQ

Morero oa kalafo ke ho holisa bokhoni ba motho ka botlalo. Thuto e khethehileng le koetliso li ka qala ho tloha boseeng. Sena se kenyelletsa tsebo ea sechaba ho thusa motho ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Ho bohlokoa hore setsebi se hlahlobe motho eo bakeng sa mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle ba 'mele le kelello. Batho ba nang le bokooa ba kelello hangata ba thusoa ka tlhabollo ea boits'oaro.

Buisanang ka mekhoa ea kalafo le tšehetso ea ngoana oa hau le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo kapa mosebeletsi oa sechaba e le hore o tle o thuse ngoana oa hau ho fihlela bokhoni ba hae bo felletseng.

Lisebelisoa tsena li ka fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e batsi:

• Mokhatlo oa Amerika mabapi le Bokooa ba kelello le Nts'etsopele - www.aaidd.org
• Arc - www.thearc.org
• Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Down Syndrome - www.nads.org

Sephetho se ipapisitse le:

• Bothata le sesosa sa bokooa ba kelello
• Maemo a mang
• Kalafo le kalafo

Batho ba bangata ba phela bophelo bo atlehileng mme ba ithuta ho sebetsa ba le bang. Ba bang ba hloka tikoloho e hlophisitsoeng hore ba atlehe haholo.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba:

• U na le lintho tse u tšoenyang mabapi le kholo ea ngoana oa hau
• U hlokomela hore tsebo ea motlakase kapa puo ea ngoana oa hau ha e hōle ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng
• Ngoana oa hau o na le mathata a mang a hlokang kalafo

Liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ho fana ka tlhabollo le tlhahlobo ea lefutso nakong ea bokhachane ho ka thusa batsoali ho utloisisa likotsi le ho etsa meralo le liqeto.

Ea sechaba. Mananeo a phepo e nepahetseng a ka fokotsa bokooa bo amanang le khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng. Ho kenella kapele maemong a amang tlhekefetso le bofuma le hona ho tla thusa.

Chefo. Ho thibela ho pepesehela lead, mercury le chefo e meng ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho holofala. Ho ruta basali ka likotsi tsa joala le lithethefatsi nakong ea bokhachane le hona ho ka thusa ho fokotsa likotsi.

Maloetse a tšoaetsanoang. Maloetse a mang a ka lebisa ho bokooa ba kelello. Ho thibela mafu ana ho fokotsa likotsi. Mohlala, lefu la rubella le ka thibeloa ka ho entoa. Ho qoba ho pepesehela mantle a katse a ka bakang toxoplasmosis nakong ea bokhachane ho thusa ho fokotsa bokooa ho tsoa tšoaetsong ena.

Boloetse ba kholo ea kholo; Ho holofala kelellong

Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa mafu a kelello. Bokooa ba kelello. Buka ea Tlhatlhobo le Lipalopalo tsa Mathata a Kelello. La 5th. Arlington, VA: Khatiso ea Psychiatric ea Amerika; 2013: 33-41.

Shapiro BK, O’Neill ME. Ho lieha ho ntlafatsa le bokooa ba kelello. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 53.