Alkalosis

Alkalosis ke boemo boo metsi a 'mele a nang le motheo o feteletseng (alkali). Sena ke se fapaneng le acid e feteletseng (acidosis).

Liphio le matšoafo li boloka botsitso bo nepahetseng (pH level) e nepahetseng ea lik'hemik'hale tse bitsoang li-acid le metheo ea 'mele. Ho fokotseha ha carbon dioxide (acid) kapa ho eketsa bicarbonate (setsi) ho etsa hore 'mele o be le alkaline, boemo bo bitsoang alkalosis. Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea alkalosis. Tsena li hlalositsoe ka tlase.

Respiratory alkalosis e bakoa ke boemo bo tlase ba carbon dioxide maling. Sena se ka bakoa ke:

• Feberu
• Ho ba sebakeng se phahameng haholo
• Ho hloka oksijene
• Lefu la sebete
• Boloetse ba sefuba, bo etsang hore o heme kapele (hyperventilate)
• Chefo ea aspirin

Metabolic alkalosis e bakoa ke bicarbonate e ngata maling. E ka hlaha hape ka lebaka la mafu a itseng a liphio.

Hypochloremic alkalosis e bakoa ke khaello e fetelletseng kapa tahlehelo ea chloride, joalo ka ho hlatsa nako e telele.

Hypokalemic alkalosis e bakoa ke karabelo ea liphio ho hloka kapa ho lahleheloa ke potasiamo haholo. Sena se ka etsahala ka ho noa lipilisi tse itseng tsa metsi (diuretics).

Compulsated alkalosis e hlaha ha 'mele o khutlisa acid-base balance ho ea haufi le maemo a alkalosis, empa bicarbonate le carbon dioxide li lula li sa tloaeleha.

Matšoao a alkalosis a ka kenyelletsa tse latelang:

• Pherekano (e ka tsoela pele ho fihlela boroko kapa ho akheha)
• Ho thothomela ka letsoho
• Hlooho e bobebe
• Ho tsitsinyeha ha mesifa
• Ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa
• Ho ba shoohlo kapa ho hlohlona sefahlehong, matsohong kapa maotong
• Ho phatloha ha mesifa nako e telele (tetany)

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a botse ka matšoao a hau.

Liteko tsa laboratori tse ka laeloang li kenyelletsa:

• Tlhahlobo ea khase ea mali.
• Teko ea li-electrolyte, joalo ka karolo ea mantlha ea metabolism ho netefatsa alkalosis le ho bonts'a hore na ke phefumoloho kapa metabolism ea alkalosis.

Ho ka hlokahala liteko tse ling ho fumana sesosa sa alkalosis. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

• X-ray sefubeng
• Ho hlahloba urinal
• Moroto pH

Ho phekola alkalosis, mofani oa hau o hloka ho fumana sesosa sa pele.

Bakeng sa alkalosis e bakoang ke hyperventilation, ho hema ka mokotleng oa pampiri ho u lumella ho boloka carbon dioxide e ngata 'meleng oa hau, e ntlafatsang alkalosis. Haeba boemo ba hau ba oksijene bo le tlase, o ka fumana oksijene.

Ho ka hlokahala meriana ho lokisa tahlehelo ea lik'hemik'hale (joalo ka chloride le potasiamo). Mofani oa hau o tla lekola matšoao a hau a bohlokoa (mocheso, ho otla ha pelo, sekhahla sa ho hema le khatello ea mali).

Maemong a mangata a alkalosis a arabela hantle kalafong.

Ha e sa alafshoe kapa e sa alafshoa hantle, mathata a ka kenyelletsa tse latelang:

• Arrhythmias (pelo e otlang kapele haholo, e liehang haholo, kapa e sa tloaelehang)
• Coma
• Tekatekano ea Electrolyte (joalo ka boemo bo tlase ba potasiamo)

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u ferekane, u sitoa ho tsepamisa mohopolo, kapa u sa khone ho "phefumoloha."

E-ea kamoreng ea maemo a tšohanyetso kapa letsetsa nomoro ea lehae ea maemo a tšohanyetso (joalo ka 911) haeba ho na le:

• Ho lahleheloa ke kelello
• Matšoao a ntseng a mpefala ka potlako a alkalosis
• Ho oa
• Mathata a matla a ho hema

Thibelo e ipapisitse le sesosa sa alkalosis.Batho ba nang le liphio le matšoafo a phetseng hantle hangata ha ba na alkalosis e tebileng.

• Liphio

Effros RM, Swenson ER. Tekanyo ea acid-base. Ka: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, li-eds. Buka ea Bongaka ea Phefumoloho ea Murray le Nadel. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 7.

Oh MS, Briefel G. Tekolo ea ts'ebetso ea renal, metsi, li-electrolyte, le acid-base balance. Ka: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, bahlophisi. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis le Tsamaiso ka Mekhoa ea Laboraro. La bo23 la ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 14.

Seifter JL. Mathata a acid-base. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 110.