Phobia - e bonolo / e ikhethang

Phobia ke tšabo e matla e tsoelang pele kapa matšoenyeho a ntho e itseng, phoofolo, ts'ebetso, kapa maemo a sa beheng kotsi ea letho.

Li-phobias tse khethehileng ke mofuta oa lefu la ho tšoenyeha leo ho lona motho a ka 'nang a ikutloa a tšoenyehile haholo kapa a tšoha ha a tšosoa. Li-phobias tse khethehileng ke lefu le tloaelehileng la kelello.

Li-phobias tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa tšabo ea:

• Ho ba libakeng tseo ho leng thata ho baleha ho tsona, joalo ka matšoele, marokho, kapa ho ba kantle u le mong
• Mali, liente le mekhoa e meng ea bongaka
• Liphoofolo tse ling (mohlala, lintja kapa linoha)
• Libaka tse koetsoeng
• Ho fofa
• Libaka tse phahameng
• Likokoanyana kapa likho
• Lehalima

Ho pepesetsoa ntho e tšabehang kapa hona ho nahana ka ho pepesetsoa ho eona ho baka maikutlo a ho tšoenyeha.

• Tšabo ena kapa matšoenyeho a matla ho feta tšoso ea 'nete.
• U ka fufuleloa ho feta tekano, u na le mathata a ho laola mesifa kapa liketso tsa hau, kapa pelo ea hau e otla kapele.

U qoba maemo ao u ka kopanang le ntho eo u e tšabang kapa phoofolo. Ka mohlala, u ka qoba ho khanna ka har'a likotopo, haeba likotopo e le tšabo ea hau. Mofuta ona oa ho qoba o ka sitisa mosebetsi oa hau le bophelo ba sechaba.

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla botsa ka nalane ea hau ea phobia, mme o tla fumana tlhaloso ea boits'oaro ho uena, ba lelapa la hau, kapa metsoalle.

Morero oa kalafo ke ho u thusa ho phela bophelo ba hau ba letsatsi le letsatsi ntle le ho senyeha ke tšabo ea hau. Katleho ea kalafo hangata ho latela hore na phobia ea hau e matla hakae.

Kalafo ea puo hangata e lekoa pele. Sena se ka kenyelletsa eng kapa eng ea tse latelang:

• Phekolo ea boits'oaro ba boits'oaro (CBT) eu thusa ho fetola menahano e bakang tšabo ea hau.
• Kalafo e ipapisitseng le maikutlo. Sena se kenyelletsa ho nahana likarolo tsa phobia tse sebetsang ho tloha ho tse nyane ho isa ho tse tšosang ka ho fetesisa. U kanna oa pepesetsoa butle-butle tšabo ea hau ea nnete ea bophelo ho u thusa ho e hlola.
• Litleliniki tsa Phobia le kalafo ea sehlopha, e thusang batho ho sebetsana le phobias tse tloaelehileng joalo ka ts'abo ea ho fofa.

Meriana e meng, eo hangata e sebelisetsoang ho phekola khatello ea maikutlo, e ka thusa haholo bakeng sa lefu lena. Li sebetsa ka ho thibela matšoao a hau kapa ho a fokolisa haholo. U tlameha ho noa meriana ena letsatsi le leng le le leng. U SE KE UA emisa ho li nka ntle le ho bua le mofani oa thepa ea hau.

Meriana e bitsoang sedatives (kapa hypnotics) le eona e ka fuoa.

• Meriana ena e lokela ho nooa feela tlasa tataiso ea ngaka.
• Ngaka ea hau e tla u fa palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea lithethefatsi tsena. Ha lia lokela ho sebelisoa letsatsi le letsatsi.
• Li ka sebelisoa ha matšoao a ba matla haholo kapa ha u le haufi le ho pepesetsoa ho hong ho tlisang matšoao a hau khafetsa.

Haeba u laetsoe hore u kokobetse, u se ke ua noa joala ha u ntse u le moriana ona. Mehato e meng e ka fokotsang palo ea litlhaselo e kenyelletsa:

• Ho ikoetlisa kamehla
• Ho robala ka ho lekaneng
• Ho fokotsa kapa ho qoba tšebeliso ea k'hafeine, meriana e batang ea li-counter le li-stimulant tse ling

Phobias e atisa ho tsoela pele, empa e ka arabela kalafo.

Li-phobias tse ling li ka ama ts'ebetso ea mosebetsi kapa ts'ebetso ea sechaba. Meriana e meng e thibelang ho tšoenyeha e sebelisetsoang ho phekola phobias e ka baka ts'epo ea 'mele.

Bitsa kopano le mofani oa hau haeba phobia e kena-kenana le mesebetsi ea bophelo.

Matšoenyeho a ho tšoenyeha - phobia

• Tšabo le phobias

Webosaete ea American Psychiatric Association. Matšoenyeho a ho tšoenyeha. Ka: Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association, ed. Buka ea Tlhatlhobo le Lipalopalo tsa Mathata a Kelello. La 5th. Arlington, VA: Khatiso ea Psychiatric ea Amerika; 2013: 189-234.

Calkins AW, Bui E, Taylor CT, Pollack MH, LeBeau RT, Simon NM. Matšoenyeho a ho tšoenyeha. Ka: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, bahlophisi. Sepetlele sa Massachusetts General Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Lekhetlo la bobeli. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 32.

Mofumahali Lyness JM. Mathata a kelello kalafong ea bongaka. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 369.

Setsi sa Naha sa Bophelo ba Kelello webosaeteng. Matšoenyeho a ho tšoenyeha. www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml. E ntlafalitsoe ka Phupu 2018. E fihlile ka la 17 Phuptjane 2020.