Tardive dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) ke boloetse bo kenyelletsang ho sisinyeha ho sa reroang. Tardive e bolela ho lieha le dyskinesia e bolela motsamao o sa tloaelehang.

TD ke litla-morao tse tebileng tse etsahalang ha u noa meriana e bitsoang neuroleptics. Lithethefatsi tsena li boetse li bitsoa li-antipsychotic kapa li-tranquilizers tse kholo. Li sebelisetsoa ho sebetsana le mathata a kelello.

Hangata TD e hlaha ha o noa moriana ka likhoeli kapa lilemo tse ngata. Maemong a mang, e etsahala kamora ho ba nka ka libeke tse 6.

Meriana e atisang ho baka bothata bona ke li-antipsychotic tsa khale, ho kenyelletsa:

• Chlorpromazine
• Fluphenazine
• Haloperidol
• Perphenazine
• Prochlorperazine
• Thioridazine
• Trifluoperazine

Li-antipsychotic tse ncha li bonahala li se na monyetla oa ho baka TD, empa ha li na kotsi ka botlalo.

Lithethefatsi tse ling tse ka bakang TD li kenyelletsa:

• Metoclopramide (e phekola bothata ba mala bo bitsoang gastroparesis)
• Meriana e loantšang khatello ea maikutlo joalo ka amitriptyline, fluoxetine, phenelzine, sertraline, trazodone
• Meriana ea anti-Parkinson e kang levodopa
• Meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko e kang phenobarbital le phenytoin

Matšoao a TD a kenyelletsa ho sisinyeha ho sa laoleheng ha sefahleho le 'mele joalo ka:

• Sefahleho sa sefahleho (se atisang ho kenyelletsa mesifa e tlase ea sefahleho)
• Motsamao oa menoana (motsamao oa ho bapala piano)
• Ho sisinya kapa ho sututsa pelvis (gait-like gait)
• Mohlahare oa thekesela
• Ho hlafuna khafetsa
• Ho panya ha leihlo kapele
• Leleme le sutumetsa
• Ho se phomole

Ha TD e fumanoa, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa hore o emise moriana butle kapa o fetele ho o mong.

Haeba TD e le bonolo kapa e itekanetse, meriana e fapaneng e ka lekoa. Moriana o fokotsang dopamine, tetrabenazine ke kalafo e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa TD. Mofani oa hau a ka u joetsa haholoanyane ka tsena.

Haeba TD e le matla haholo, ho ka lekoa ts'ebetso e bitsoang DBS e tebileng. DBS e sebelisa sesebelisoa se bitsoang neurostimulator ho fana ka matšoao a motlakase libakeng tsa boko tse laolang motsamao.

Haeba e fumanoa kapele, TD e ka khutlisoa ka ho emisa moriana o bakileng matšoao. Le ha moriana o ka emisoa, motsamao o sa ithaopeng o ka lula o le teng, 'me maemong a mang o ka mpefala.

TD; Lefu la Tardive; Dyskinesia ea Orofacial; Motsamao oa boithatelo - tardive dyskinesia; Lithethefatsi tse thibelang kelello - tardive dyskinesia; Lithethefatsi tsa Neuroleptic - tardive dyskinesia; Schizophrenia - tardive dyskinesia

• Sisteme ea methapo e bohareng le methapo ea methapo

Aronson JK. Lithethefatsi tsa Neuroleptic. E ngotsoe ke: Aronson JK, ed. Litla-morao tsa Meyler tsa Lithethefatsi. 16th ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier BV ;; 2016: 53-119.

Freudenreich O, Mofuthu oa AW. Bakuli ba nang le metsamao e sa tloaelehang. Ka: Stern TA, Freudenreich O, Smith FA, Fricchione GL, Rosenbaum JF, bahlophisi. Buka ea Massachusetts General Hospital ea General Hospital Psychiatry. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 21.

Freudenreich O, Goff DC, Henderson DC. Lithethefatsi tse thibelang kelello. Ka: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, bahlophisi. Sepetlele sa Massachusetts General Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Lekhetlo la bobeli. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 42.

Okun MS, Lang AE. Mathata a mang a motsamao. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 382.