Khaello ea khaello ea tšepe

Phokolo ea mali ke boemo boo 'mele o se nang lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse phetseng hantle. Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li fana ka oksijene lithong tsa 'mele. Hona le mefuta e mengata ea phokolo ea mali.

Phokolo ea mali ea khaello ea tšepe e etsahala ha 'mele oa hau o se na tšepe e lekaneng. Iron e thusa ho etsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali. Phokolo ea mali ea khauta ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa phokolo ea mali.

Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li tlisa oksijene lisele tsa 'mele. Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse phetseng hantle li entsoe masong a hao. Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali li potoloha le 'mele oa hau likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 4. Likarolo tsa 'mele oa hau, joalo ka spleen ea hau, li tlosa lisele tsa khale tsa mali.

Iron ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali. Ntle le tšepe, mali a ke ke a tsamaisa oksijene hantle. 'Mele oa hau o tloaetse ho fumana tšepe lijong tsa hau. E boetse e sebelisa tšepe ho tsoa liseleng tsa khale tse khubelu tsa mali.

Phokolo ea mali ea khaello ea tšepe e hlaha ha mabenkele a tšepe a 'mele oa hau a fela. Sena se ka etsahala hobane:

• U lahleheloa ke lisele tse ngata tsa mali le tšepe ho feta mmele oa hau
• 'Mele oa hau ha o etse mosebetsi o motle oa ho monya tšepe
• 'Mele oa hau o khona ho monya tšepe, empa ha o je lijo tse lekaneng tse nang le tšepe
• 'Mele oa hau o hloka tšepe e ngata ho feta e tloaelehileng (joalo ka ha o le moimana kapa o anyesa)

Ho tsoa mali ho ka baka tahlehelo ea tšepe. Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho tsoa mali ke:

• Ho ea khoeling e boima, e telele kapa khafetsa
• Kankere ka mpeng, ka mpeng, ka maleng a manyane kapa ka maleng
• Li-esophageal varices, hangata tse tsoang ho cirrhosis
• Ts'ebeliso ea aspirin, ibuprofen, kapa meriana ea ramatiki nako e telele, e ka bakang ho tsoa mali ka mpeng
• Lefu la peptic ulcer

'Mele o kanna oa se monye tšepe e lekaneng lijong tsa hau ka lebaka la:

• Lefu la Celiac
• Lefu la Crohn
• Ho buuoa ka mpeng
• Ho nka li-antacids tse ngata haholo kapa tetracycline ea lithibela-mafu

O kanna oa se ke oa fumana tšepe e lekaneng lijong tsa hau haeba:

• U semela sa limela se thata
• Ha u je lijo tse lekaneng tse nang le tšepe

Mohlomong ha u na matšoao haeba phokolo ea mali e le bonolo.

Boholo ba nako, matšoao a bonolo qalong mme a hola butle. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho ikutloa o fokola kapa o khathetse hangata ho feta tloaelo, kapa ka ho ikoetlisa
• Ho tšoaroa ke hlooho
• Botsoa
• Liphetolelo
• Mathata a ho tsepamisa mohopolo kapa ho nahana

Ha phokolo ea mali e ntse e mpefala, matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• Manala a robehileng
• 'Mala o moputsoa ho makhooa a leihlo
• Takatso ea ho ja leqhoa kapa lintho tse ling tseo e seng lijo (pica)
• Ho ikutloa eka o hlooho e bobebe ha o ema
• 'Mala oa letlalo o phatsimang
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane
• Leleme le bohloko kapa le ruruhileng
• Liso tsa molomo
• Tsamaiso e sa laoleheng ea maoto (nakong ea boroko)
• Ho hlotheha ha moriri

Matšoao a maemo (a amanang le ho tsoa mali) a bakang khaello ea mali ea khauta a kenyelletsa:

• Litulo tse lefifi, tse 'mala oa tar kapa mali ka setuloaneng
• Ho tsoa mali ho matla (basali)
• Bohloko bo ka mpeng e kaholimo (ho tsoa lisosa)
• Ho theola boima ba 'mele (ho batho ba nang le mofetše)

Ho fumana phokolo ea mali, mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka odara liteko tsena tsa mali:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Palo ea Reticulocyte

Ho lekola maemo a tšepe, mofani oa hau a ka odara:

• Bone marrow biopsy (haeba tlhahlobo e sa hlaka)
• Matla a tlamang tšepe (TIBC) maling
• Serum ferritin
• Tekanyo ea tšepe ea serum
• Tekanyo ea serum hepcidin (protheine le molaoli oa tšepe 'meleng)

Ho hlahloba lisosa (tahlehelo ea mali) ea khaello ea tšepe, mofani oa hau a ka odara:

• Colonoscopy
• Teko ea mali a boloi ba boloi
• Endoscopy e kaholimo
• Liteko tsa ho fumana mehloli ea tahlehelo ea mali kahara mosese kapa popelo

Kalafo e ka kenyelletsa ho noa lisebelisoa tsa tšepe le ho ja lijo tse nang le tšepe.

Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe (hangata sulfate e nang le mafura) li haha ​​mabenkele a tšepe 'meleng oa hau. Boholo ba nako, mofani oa hau o tla lekanya boemo ba hau ba tšepe pele o qala ho tlatselletsa.

Haeba o sa khone ho nka tšepe ka molomo, o kanna oa hloka ho e nka ka methapo (ka intravenous) kapa ka ente e kenang mesifeng.

Basali ba baimana le ba anyesang ba tla hloka ho nka tšepe e ngata hobane hangata ba sitoa ho fumana tšepe e lekaneng lijong tsa bona tse tloaelehileng.

Hematocrit ea hau e lokela ho khutlela setloaeling nakong ea libeke tse 6 tsa kalafo ea tšepe. U tla hloka ho lula u nkile tšepe likhoeli tse ling tse 6 ho isa ho tse 12 ho nkela mabenkele a 'mele a tšepe masong a masapo.

Lisebelisoa tsa tšepe hangata li mamelloa hantle, empa li ka baka:

• Ho nyekeloa
• Ho hlatsa
• Ho sokela

Lijo tse nang le tšepe li kenyelletsa:

• Khoho le Turkey
• Lensisi tse omisitsoeng, lierekisi le linaoa
• Litlhapi
• Nama (sebete ke mohloli o phahameng ka ho fetisisa)
• Li-soya, linaoa tse besitsoeng, li-chickpea
• Bohobe ba lithollo kaofela

Mehloli e meng e kenyelletsa:

• Oatmeal
• Lihlahisoa tsa morara, li-prune, li-apricot le linate
• Sipinake, khale le meroho e meng

Vithamine C e thusa 'mele oa hau ho monya tšepe. Mehloli e metle ea vithamine C ke:

• Li-orang
• Litholoana tsa morara
• kiwi
• Fragole
• Broccoli
• Litamati

Ka kalafo, sephetho se kanna sa ba hantle, empa ho latela sesosa.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba:

• U na le matšoao a khaello ea tšepe
• U hlokomela mali ka setuloaneng sa hau

Lijo tse leka-lekaneng li lokela ho kenyelletsa tšepe e lekaneng. Nama e khubelu, sebete le mahe a linotši ke mehloli e mengata ea tšepe. Phofo, bohobe le lijo-thollo tse ling li matlafatsoa ka tšepe. Haeba u eletsoa ke mofani oa hau, nka lisebelisoa tsa tšepe haeba u sa fumane tšepe e lekaneng lijong tsa hau.

Phokolo ea mali - khaello ea tšepe

• Reticulocyte
• Lisele tsa mali
• Hemoglobin

Brittenham GM. Mathata a iron homeostasis: khaello ea tšepe le ho imeloa haholo. Ka: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Melao-motheo le Tloaelo ea Motheo. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 36.

E bolela RT. Atamela li-anemias. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 149.

Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la Amerika; Webosaete ea National Heart, Lung le Blood Institute. Phokolo ea mali ea khaello ea tšepe. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia. E fihlile ka la 24 Mmesa, 2020.