Ho phela le lefu la pelo le angina

Lefu la pelo la Coronary (CHD) ke ho fokotseha ha methapo e nyane ea mali e fanang ka mali le oksijene pelong. Angina ke bohloko ba sefubeng kapa ho se utloise bohloko hoo hangata ho hlahang ha o etsa mesebetsi e itseng kapa o ikutloa o imetsoe kelellong. Sengoliloeng sena se tšohla seo u ka se etsang ho sebetsana le bohloko ba sefuba le ho fokotsa likotsi tsa lefu la pelo.

CHD ke ho fokotseha ha methapo e nyane ea mali e fanang ka mali le oksijene pelong.

Angina ke bohloko ba sefubeng kapa ho se utloise bohloko hoo hangata ho hlahang ha o etsa mesebetsi e itseng kapa o ikutloa o imetsoe kelellong. E bakoa ke phallo e mpe ea mali ka methapo ea mali ea mesifa ea pelo.

Haeba u na le khatello e phahameng ea mali, lefu la tsoekere kapa k'holeseterole e phahameng, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka u eletsa hore u:

• Boloka khatello ea mali e laoloa hangata ho isa ho 130/80. Lower e ka ba betere ha o na le lefu la tsoekere, lefu la liphio, stroke kapa mathata a pelo, empa mofani oa hau o tla u fa lipheo tse ikhethileng.
• Nka meriana ho fokotsa k'holeseterole ea hau.
• Boloka HbA1c ea hau le tsoekere ea mali maemong a khothalletsoang.

Lisosa tse ling tse ka laolehang tsa lefu la pelo ke tsena:

• Ho noa joala. Haeba u noa, u se ke ua noa seno se fetang 1 ka letsatsi bakeng sa basali, kapa 2 ka letsatsi bakeng sa banna.
• Bophelo bo botle ba maikutlo. Hlahloba le ho phekoloa khatello ea maikutlo, ha ho hlokahala.
• Ho ikoetlisa. Fumana boikoetliso bo bongata ba ho ikoetlisa, joalo ka ho tsamaea, ho sesa kapa ho palama baesekele, bonyane metsotso e 40 ka letsatsi, bonyane matsatsi a 3 ho isa ho a mane ka beke.
• Ho tsuba. Se ke oa tsuba kapa oa tsuba koae.
• Khatello ea maikutlo. Qoba kapa fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo kamoo u ka khonang.
• Boima ba 'mele. Boloka boima ba 'mele bo phetseng hantle. Loanela boima ba 'mele index (BMI) lipakeng tsa 18.5 le 24.9 le letheka le le nyane ho feta lisenthimithara tse 90 (90 cm).

Phepo e nepahetseng e bohlokoa molemong oa bophelo bo botle ba pelo ea hau. Mekhoa e metle ea ho ja e tla u thusa ho laola lisosa tsa kotsi tsa lefu la pelo.

• Ja litholoana, meroho le lithollo tse ngata.
• Khetha liprotheine tse omeletseng, tse kang khoho e se nang letlalo, tlhapi le linaoa.
• Ja lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse se nang mafura kapa tse se nang mafura haholo, joalo ka lebese le tlotsitsoeng le yogurt e se nang mafura a mangata.
• Qoba lijo tse nang le sodium e ngata (letsoai).
• Bala mangolo a lijo. Qoba lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata le mafura a haedrojene kapa a haedrojene. Tsena ke mafura a sa pheleng hantle ao hangata a fumanoang lijong tse halikiloeng, lijo tse sebelisitsoeng le thepa e besitsoeng.
• Ja lijo tse fokolang tse nang le chisi, tranelate kapa mahe.

Mofani oa hau a ka fana ka moriana oa ho alafa CHD, khatello e phahameng ea mali, lefu la tsoekere kapa li-cholesterol tse ngata. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

• ACE inhibitors
• Beta-blockers
• Lisebelisoa tsa calcium channel
• Diuretics (lipilisi tsa metsi)
• Lipolelo tsa ho theola k'holeseterole
• Lipilisi tsa Nitroglycerin kapa spray ho thibela kapa ho emisa tlhaselo ea angina

Ho fokotsa kotsi ea lefu la pelo, o kanna oa bolelloa ho nka aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), ticagrelor (Brilinta) kapa prasugrel (Effient) letsatsi le letsatsi. Latela litaelo tsa mofani oa hau ka hloko ho boloka lefu la pelo le angina li se ke tsa mpefala.

Kamehla bua le mofani oa litšebeletso pele u khaotsa ho noa meriana. Ho emisa lithethefatsi tsena ka tšohanyetso kapa ho fetola lethal dose ho ka mpefatsa angina kapa ho baka lefu la pelo.

Etsa moralo le mofani oa hau bakeng sa ho laola angina ea hau. Morero oa hau o lokela ho kenyelletsa:

• Ke lintho life tse loketseng hore u li etse, 'me ke life tseo u sa li etsang
• Ke meriana efe eo u lokelang ho e nka ha u na le angina
• Ke matshwao afe a hore angina ya hao e ntse e mpefala
• Nako eo o lokelang ho letsetsa mofani oa hau kapa 911 kapa nomoro ea ts'ohanyetso ea lehae

Tseba hore na ke eng e ka mpefatsang angina, 'me u leke ho qoba lintho tsena. Mohlala, batho ba bang ba fumana hore maemo a leholimo a batang, ho ikoetlisa, ho ja lijo tse kholo, kapa ho halefa kapa khatello ea maikutlo ho mpefatsa angina.

Coronary artery disease - ho phela le; CAD - ho phela le; Bohloko ba sefuba - ho phela le

• Lijo tse phetseng hantle

Eckel RH, Jakicic JM, Ard JD, le al. Tataiso ea 2013 AHA / ACC mabapi le taolo ea bophelo ho fokotsa likotsi tsa pelo: tlaleho ea American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force mabapi le litataiso tsa boits'oaro. J Ke Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63 (25 Pt B): 2960-2984. PMID: 24239922 phatlalalitsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239922/.

Fihn SD, Blankenship JC, Alexander KP, le al. 2014 ACC / AHA / AATS / PCNA / SCAI / STS e shebile ntlafatso ea tataiso ea tlhahlobo le taolo ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la pelo le tsitsitseng: tlaleho ea American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, le Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Phekolo ea Thoracic, Mokhatlo oa Baoki ba Thibelang Maikutlo, Mokhatlo oa Maikutlo a Madi a Pelo le Litšebetso, le Mokhatlo oa Lingaka tsa Ngaka tsa Thoracic. J Ke Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64 (18): 1929-1949. PMID: 25077860 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25077860/.

Morrow DA, ea Lemos JA. Boloetse ba pelo bo tsitsitseng ba ischemic. Ka: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Lefu la pelo la Braunwald: Buka ea bongaka ea meriana ea pelo. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 61.

Mozaffarian D. Phepo e nepahetseng le mafu a pelo le methapo. Ka: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Lefu la pelo la Braunwald: Buka ea bongaka ea meriana ea pelo. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 49.

Lejoe NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et al. Tataiso ea 2013 ACC / AHA mabapi le kalafo ea k'holeseterole ea mali ho fokotsa kotsi ea methapo ea pelo ho batho ba baholo: tlaleho ea American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force mabapi le litataiso tsa boits'oaro.J Ke Coll Cardiol. 2014; 63 (25 Pt B): 2889-2934. PMID: 24239923 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239923/.

Thompson PD, Ades PA. Ho ikoetlisa ho ipapisitse le pelo. Ka: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Lefu la pelo la Braunwald: Buka ea bongaka ea meriana ea pelo. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 54.

• Angina
• Maloetse a Coronary Artery