Lefu la acute nephritic

Acute nephritic syndrome, ke sehlopha sa matšoao a hlahang ka mathata a mang a bakang ho ruruha le ho ruruha ha glomeruli liphio, kapa glomerulonephritis.

Acute nephritic syndrome, hangata e bakoa ke karabelo ea "immune" e bakoang ke ts'oaetso kapa lefu le leng.

Lisosa tse tloaelehileng ho bana le lilemong tsa bocha li kenyelletsa:

• Hemolytic uremic syndrome (boloetse bo hlahang ha tšoaetso tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo e hlahisa lintho tse chefo tse senyang lisele tse khubelu tsa mali le ho baka kotsi ea liphio)
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura (lefu le kenyang matheba a pherese letlalong, bohloko ba manonyeletso, mathata a mala le glomerulonephritis)
• IgA nephropathy (bothata boo li-antibodies tse bitsoang IgA li hahang lisele tsa liphio)
• Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (lefu la liphio le hlahang kamora ho tšoaetsoa ke mefuta e itseng ea baktheria ea streptococcus)

Lisosa tse tloaelehileng ho batho ba baholo li kenyelletsa:

• Matšoafo a ka mpeng
• Goodpasture syndrome (boloetse boo sesole sa 'mele sa' mele se hlaselang glomeruli)
• Hepatitis B kapa C
• Endocarditis (ho ruruha ha lesela le kahare la likamore tsa pelo le li-valve tsa pelo tse bakoang ke tšoaetso ea baktheria kapa fungal)
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (bothata bo amanang le ho ruruha le liphetoho liseleng tsa liphio)
• Glomerulonephritis e tsoelang pele ka potlako (mofuta oa glomerulonephritis e lebisang ho tahlehelo e potlakileng ea ts'ebetso ea liphio)
• Lupus nephritis (mathata a liphio a systemic lupus erythematosus)
• Vasculitis (ho ruruha ha methapo ea mali)
• Mafu a vaerase a kang mononucleosis, mmaselese, mumps

Ho ruruha ho ama tšebetso ea glomerulus. Ena ke karolo ea liphio e sefa mali ho etsa moroto le ho tlosa litšila. Ka lebaka leo, mali le protheine lia hlaha morong, 'me mokelikeli o feteletseng oa bokellana' meleng.

Ho ruruha ha mmele ho etsahala ha madi a lahlehelwa ke protheine e bitswang albumin. Albumin e boloka mokelikeli methapong ea mali. Ha e lahlehile, mokelikeli o bokella lisele tsa 'mele.

Ho lahleheloa ke mali ho tsoa litsing tse senyehileng tsa liphio ho lebisa maling ka morong.

Matšoao a tloaelehileng a nephritic syndrome ke:

• Mali ka morong (moroto o bonahala o le lefifi, o 'mala oa tee kapa o koahetsoe ke maru)
• Ho fokotseha ha moroto (ho ka hlahisoa moroto o monyane kapa ha o eo)
• Ho ruruha ha sefahleho, sekoti sa mahlo, maoto, matsoho, matsoho, maoto, mpa kapa libaka tse ling
• Khatello ea mali e phahameng

Matšoao a mang a ka bang teng a kenyelletsa:

• Pono e lerootho, hangata e tsoa methapong ea mali e phatlohileng ka har'a leihlo la leihlo
• Khohlela e nang le mamina kapa pinki, lintho tse batang tse tsoang matšoafong
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane, ho tsoa mokelikeli o mokelikeli matšoafong
• Ho kula ho akaretsang (malaise), ho otsela, pherekano, mahlaba le bohloko, ho opeloa ke hlooho

Matšoao a ho hloleha ha liphio a matla kapa lefu la nako e telele (le sa foleng) le ka hlaha.

Nakong ea tlhahlobo, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka fumana matšoao a latelang:

• Khatello ea mali e phahameng
• Ho utloahala pelo le matšoafo a sa tloaelehang
• Matšoao a mokelikeli o feteletseng (edema) joalo ka ho ruruha maotong, matsoho, sefahleho le mpa
• Sebete se atolositsoeng
• Metsoana e atolositsoeng molaleng

Liteko tse ka etsoang li kenyelletsa:

• Li-electrolyte tsa mali
• Naetrojene ea mali ea urea (BUN)
• Sebopeho
• Tlhaloso ea Creatinine
• Teko ea potasiamo
• Liprotheine morotong
• Ho hlahloba urinal

Biopsy ea liphio e tla bontša ho ruruha ha glomeruli, e ka bonts'ang sesosa sa boemo boo.

Liteko tsa ho fumana sesosa sa lefu le bohloko la nephritic li ka kenyelletsa:

• Sehlooho sa ANA sa lupus
• Antiblomerular kamoreng e ka tlase lera la mmele
• Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody bakeng sa vasculitis (ANCA)
• Tloaelo ea mali
• Setso sa 'metso kapa letlalo
• Serum motlatsi (C3 le C4)

Morero oa kalafo ke ho fokotsa ho ruruha liphio le ho laola khatello e phahameng ea mali. U kanna ua hloka ho lula sepetlele hore u fumanoe u be u alafuoe.

Mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa:

• Bedrest ho fihlela u ikutloa u le betere ka kalafo
• Lijo tse fokotsang letsoai, maro le potasiamo
• Meriana ea ho laola khatello e phahameng ea mali, ho fokotsa ho ruruha kapa ho tlosa mokelikeli 'meleng oa hau
• Dialysis ea liphio, ha ho hlokahala

Ponahalo e ipapisitse le lefu le bakang nephritis. Ha boemo bo ntlafala, matšoao a ho boloka mokelikeli (joalo ka ho ruruha le khohlela) le khatello e phahameng ea mali li ka fela ka mor'a libeke tse 1 kapa tse 2. Liteko tsa moroto li ka nka likhoeli ho khutlela setloaeling.

Bana ba tloaetse ho sebetsa hantle ho feta batho ba baholo mme hangata ba fola ka ho felletseng. Ke ka seoelo feela ba bang le mathata kapa ba fetelang ho glomerulonephritis e sa foleng le lefu le sa foleng la liphio.

Batho ba baholo ha ba fole hantle joaloka bana. Le ha ho sa tloaeleha hore lefu lena le khutle, ho batho ba bang ba baholo, lefu lena lea khutla mme ba tla ba le lefu la liphio qetellong mme ba ka hloka dialysis kapa ho kenya liphio.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u e-na le matšoao a acute nephritic syndrome.

Hangata, lefu lena le ke ke la thibeloa, leha kalafo ea bokuli le ts'oaetso e ka thusa ho fokotsa kotsi.

Glomerulonephritis - e hlobaetsang; Glomerulonephritis e bohloko; Nephritis lefu - a hlobaetsang

• Anatomy ea liphio
• Glomerulus le nephron

Radhakrishnan J, Appel GB. Mathata a Glomerular le syndromes ea nephrotic. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 113.

Saha M, Pendergraft WF, Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Lefu la mantlha la glomerular. Ka: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, li-eds. Brenner le Rector ea Liphio. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 31.