Likhahla tse phahameng tsa k'holeseterole ea mali

Cholesterol ke mafura (ao hape a bitsoang lipid) ao 'mele oa hau o hlokang ho sebetsa hantle. Cholesterol e ngata haholo e ka eketsa menyetla ea ho fumana lefu la pelo, stroke le mathata a mang.

Polelo ea bongaka ea cholesterol e phahameng ea mali ke lefu la lipid, hyperlipidemia, kapa hypercholesterolemia.

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea k'holeseterole. Tse buuoang haholo ke:

• Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole - li-cholesterols tsohle li kopantsoe
• Cholesterol e phahameng ea lipoprotein (HDL) - eo hangata e bitsoang "cholesterol" e ntle
• Cholesterol ea low density lipoprotein (LDL) - eo hangata e bitsoang "cholesterol" e mpe

Bakeng sa batho ba bangata, maemo a sa tloaelehang a k'holeseterole e bakoa ke bophelo bo seng botle. Hangata hona ho kenyelletsa ho ja lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata. Mabaka a mang a bophelo ke:

• Ho ba motenya haholo
• Ho hloka boikoetliso

Maemo a mang a bophelo bo botle a ka lebisa ho cholesterol e sa tloaelehang, ho kenyelletsa:

• Lefu la tsoekere
• Lefu la liphio
• Lefu la Polycystic ovary
• Bokhachane le maemo a mang a eketsang maemo a lihormone tsa basali
• Tšoelesa ea qoqotho e sa sebetseng

Meriana e kang lipilisi tse ling tsa thibelo ea bokhachane, diuretics (lipilisi tsa metsi), beta-blockers le meriana e meng e sebelisetsoang ho phekola khatello ea maikutlo le eona e ka phahamisa maemo a k'holeseterole. Mathata a mangata a fetisoang ke malapa a lebisa ho cholesterol e sa tloaelehang le maemong a triglyceride. Li kenyeletsa:

• Tloaelo e kopaneng ea hyperlipidemia
• Dysbetalipoproteinemia e tloaelehileng
• Tloaelo ea hypercholesterolemia
• Tloaelo ea hypertriglyceridemia

Ho tsuba ha ho bake maemo a phahameng a k'holeseterole, empa ho ka fokotsa k'holeseterole ea hau ea HDL (e ntle).

Tlhahlobo ea k'holeseterole e etsoa ho fumana lefu la lipid. Litsebi tse fapaneng li khothaletsa lilemo tse fapaneng tsa ho qala tsa batho ba baholo.

• Lilemo tsa ho qala tse khothalletsoang li pakeng tsa 20 le 35 bakeng sa banna le 20 ho isa ho 45 bakeng sa basali.
• Batho ba baholo ba nang le maemo a tloaelehileng a k'holeseterole ha ba hloke ho hlahlojoa makhetlo a 5.
• Pheta liteko hang-hang haeba ho hlaha liphetoho mokhoeng oa bophelo (ho kenyeletsoa le boima le boima ba 'mele).
• Batho ba baholo ba nang le nalane ea k'holeseterole e phahameng, lefu la tsoekere, mathata a liphio, lefu la pelo le maemo a mang ba hloka ho hlahlojoa khafetsa.

Ho bohlokoa ho sebetsa le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho ipehela lipheo tsa k'holeseterole. Litataiso tse ncha li thibela lingaka hore li se ke tsa lebisa tlhokomelo maemong a itseng a k'holeseterole. Sebakeng seo, ba khothaletsa meriana le litekanyetso tse fapaneng ho latela nalane ea motho le boemo ba kotsi. Tataiso ena e fetoha nako le nako ha tlhaiso-leseling e batsi e tsoang liphuputsong tsa lipatlisiso e ntse e fumaneha.

Lipheo tse akaretsang ke:

• LDL: 70 ho isa ho 130 mg / dL (linomoro tse tlase li betere)
• HDL: Ho feta 50 mg / dL (lipalo tse phahameng li betere)
• Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole: Ka tlase ho 200 mg / dL (linomoro tse tlase li betere)
• Triglycerides: 10 ho isa ho 150 mg / dL (linomoro tse tlase li betere)

Haeba sephetho sa k'holeseterole ea hau se sa tloaelehang, o kanna oa ba le liteko tse ling tse kang:

• Teko ea tsoekere ea mali (glucose) ho sheba lefu la tsoekere
• Liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea liphio
• Ts'ebetso ea qoqotho e leka liteko tsa qoqotho e sa sebetseng

Mehato eo u ka e nkang ho ntlafatsa maemo a k'holeseterole ea hau le ho thusa ho thibela lefu la pelo le tlhaselo ea pelo li kenyelletsa:

• Khaotsa ho tsuba. Ena ke phetoho e le 'ngoe e kholo ka ho fetisisa eo u ka e etsang ho fokotsa kotsi ea lefu la pelo le stroke.
• Ja lijo tse nang le mafura a fokolang ka tlhaho. Tsena li kenyelletsa lijo-thollo, litholoana le meroho.
• Sebelisa litlolo tse mafura a tlase, lisoso le liaparo.
• Qoba lijo tse nang le mafura a mangata.
• Ikoetlise khafetsa.
• Fokotsa boima ba 'mele haeba o nonne haholo.

Mofani oa hau a ka batla hore u noe moriana oa k'holeseterole ea hau haeba liphetoho tsa bophelo li sa sebetse. Sena se tla itšetleha ka:

• Lilemo tsa hau
• Hore na o na le lefu la pelo, lefu la tsoekere kapa mathata a mang a phallo ea mali
• Hore na oa tsuba kapa o nonne haholo
• Hore na o na le khatello e phahameng ea mali kapa lefu la tsoekere

U na le monyetla oa ho hloka moriana ho theola k'holeseterole ea hau:

• Haeba u na le lefu la pelo kapa lefu la tsoekere
• Haeba u le kotsing ea ho tšoaroa ke lefu la pelo (leha o sena mathata a pelo)
• Haeba k'holeseterole ea hau ea LDL e le 190 mg / dL kapa e phahameng

Hoo e batlang e le motho e mong le e mong a ka fumana melemo ea bophelo bo botle ho tsoa ho LDL cholesterol e ka tlase ho 160 ho isa ho 190 mg / dL.

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lithethefatsi ho thusa ho theola maemo a mali a k'holeseterole. Lithethefatsi li sebetsa ka litsela tse fapaneng. Lipolelo ke mofuta o mong oa sethethefatsi se theolelang k'holeseterole mme ho netefalitsoe hore se fokotsa menyetla ea lefu la pelo. Lithethefatsi tse ling lia fumaneha haeba kotsi ea hau e le holimo mme li-statin ha li theole li-cholesterol tsa hau ka ho lekana. Tsena li kenyelletsa li-inhibitors tsa ezetimibe le PCSK9.

Likarolo tse phahameng tsa k'holeseterole li ka lebisa ho thatafala ha methapo ea mali, eo hape e bitsoang atherosclerosis. Sena se etsahala ha mafura, k’holeseterole le lintho tse ling li bokella maboteng a methapo ’me li theha mehaho e thata e bitsoang mabokose.

Ha nako e ntse e ea, lipoleiti tsena li ka thibela methapo ea mali 'me tsa baka lefu la pelo, stroke, le matšoao a mang kapa mathata ho pholletsa le' mele.

Mathata a fetisoang ke malapa hangata a lebisa ho maemo a phahameng a k'holeseterole ao ho leng thata ho a laola.

Cholesterol - e phahameng; Lipid mathata; Hyperlipoproteinemia; Hyperlipidemia; Dyslipidemia; Hypercholesterolemia

• Angina - ho tsoa
• Angioplasty le stent - pelo - lero
• Lithethefatsi tsa antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• Aspirin le lefu la pelo
• Ho ba mafolofolo ka mor'a lefu la pelo
• Ho ba mafolofolo ha o na le lefu la pelo
• Botoro, majarine le oli ea ho pheha
• Catheterization ea pelo - ho tsoa
• Cholesterol le mokhoa oa bophelo
• Cholesterol - kalafo ea lithethefatsi
• Cholesterol - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Ho laola khatello ea mali e phahameng
• Lefu la tsoekere - ho thibela lefu la pelo le stroke
• Ho hlalositsoe mafura a phepo
• Malebela a lijo tse potlakileng
• Lefu la pelo - ho tsoa
• Ho buuoa ka pelo - ho tsoa
• Ho buuoa ka pelo - ho hlaseloa hanyane ka hanyane - ho tsoa
• Lefu la pelo - lisosa tse kotsi
• Ho hloleha ha pelo - maro le diuretics
• Ho hloleha ha pelo - ho lekola ntlo
• Heart pacemaker - lero
• Mokhoa oa ho bala mangolo a lijo
• Lijo tse nang le letsoai le tlase
• Lijo tsa Mediterranean
• Stroke - ho tsoa
• Mofuta oa 2 oa lefu la tsoekere - o ka botsa ngaka ea hau eng

• Bahlahisi ba k'holeseterole
• Boloetse ba methapo ea mali
• Cholesterol
• Ts'ebetso ea kholo ea atherosclerosis

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Grundy SM, Lejoe NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA / ACC / AACVPR / AAPA / ABC / ACPM / ADA / AGS / APhA / ASPC / NLA / PCNA tataiso mabapi le taolo ea k'holeseterole ea mali: tlaleho ea American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force mabapi le Litataiso tsa Tloaelo ea Bongaka . J Ke Coll Cardiol. 2019; 73 (24); e285-e350. PMID: 30423393 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30423393/.

Robinson JG. Mathata a metabolism ea lipid. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 195.

Polelo ea ho qetela ea khothaletso ea US Preventive Services Task Force. Tšebeliso ea Statin bakeng sa thibelo ea mantlha ea lefu la pelo ho batho ba baholo: meriana ea thibelo. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adult-preventive-medication. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 13 Pulungoana 2016. E fihlile ka la 24 Hlakola 2020.

Lebotho la Ts'ireletso la US; Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, le al. Ho lekola mathata a lipid ho bana le lilemong tsa bocha: Polelo ea khothaletso ea Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea US. JAMA. 2016; 316 (6): 625-633. PMID: 27532917 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27532917/.