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Letsatsi La Creation: 6 Hlakubele 2021
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Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Visual Explanation for Students
Video: Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Visual Explanation for Students

Hypothyroidism ke boemo boo tšoelesa ea qoqotho e sa hlahiseng hormone ea qoqotho e lekaneng. Boemo bona hangata bo bitsoa qoqotho e sa sebetseng.

Tšoelesa ea qoqotho ke setho sa bohlokoa sa endocrine system. E lutse ka pele ho molala, kaholimo ho moo masapo a hau a molala a kopanang teng. Thyroid e etsa lihormone tse laolang tsela eo sele e 'ngoe le e' ngoe 'meleng e sebelisang matla ka eona. Ts'ebetso ena e bitsoa metabolism.

Hypothyroidism e atile haholo ho basali le batho ba fetang lilemo tse 50.

Lebaka le tloaelehileng haholo la hypothyroidism ke thyroiditis. Ho ruruha le ho ruruha ho senya lisele tsa tšoelesa ea qoqotho.

Lisosa tsa bothata bona li kenyelletsa:

  • Masole a mmele a hlaselang thyroid
  • Ts'oaetso ea vaerase (sefuba se tloaelehileng) kapa mafu a mang a phefumolohang
  • Bokhachane (hangata bo bitsoang postpartum thyroiditis)

Lisosa tse ling tsa hypothyroidism li kenyelletsa:


  • Meriana e meng, e kang lithium le amiodarone, le mefuta e meng ea chemotherapy
  • Bokooa ba tlhaho (tsoalo)
  • Phekolo ea radiation ho molala kapa bokong ho phekola mofetše o fapaneng
  • Iodine ea mahlaseli a kotsi e sebelisetsoang ho phekola tšoelesa ea qoqotho e feteletseng
  • Ho tlosoa ha karolo kapa karolo eohle ea qoqotho ea opereishene
  • Sheehan syndrome, boemo bo ka hlahang ho mosali ea tsoang mali haholo nakong ea bokhachane kapa pelehi mme a baka tšenyo ea tšoelesa ea pituitary.
  • Hlahala ea pituitary kapa ho buuoa pituitary

Matšoao a pele:

  • Litulo tse thata kapa ho patoa
  • Ho utloa ho bata (ho roala jesi ha ba bang ba apere sekipa)
  • Mokhathala kapa maikutlo a fokotsehile
  • Linako tse boima le tse sa tloaelehang tsa ho ilela khoeli
  • Bohloko bo kopaneng kapa ba mesifa
  • Pente kapa letlalo le ommeng
  • Ho hlonama kapa ho tepella maikutlo
  • Moriri o mosesane, o bobebe kapa manala
  • Bofokoli
  • Boima ba 'mele

Matšoao a morao, haeba a sa alafatsoe:

  • Ho fokotsa tatso le monko
  • Ho thothofala
  • Sefahleho se ikhohomosang, matsoho le maoto
  • Puo e liehang
  • Ho nona hoa letlalo
  • Ho fokotseha ha lintši
  • Mocheso oa 'mele o tlase
  • Ho otla ha pelo butle

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a ka fumana hore tšoelesa ea hau ea qoqotho e holile. Ka linako tse ling, tšoelesa e boholo bo tloaelehileng kapa e nyane ho feta e tloaelehileng. Tlhahlobo e kanna ea senola:


  • Khatello ea mali e phahameng ea diastolic (nomoro ea bobeli)
  • Moriri o mosesane o mosesane
  • Likarolo tse mahoashe tsa sefahleho
  • Letlalo le phatsimang kapa le ommeng, le ka bang pholileng ha le ama
  • Maikutlo a sa tloaelehang (phomolo e liehang)
  • Ho ruruha ha matsoho le maoto

Liteko tsa mali li boetse li laeloa ho lekanya lihormone tsa hau tsa qoqotho TSH le T4.

U kanna ua ba le liteko ho hlahloba:

  • Maemo a k'holeseterole
  • Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC)
  • Li-enzyme tsa sebete
  • Prolactin
  • Sodium
  • Cortisol

Kalafo e etselitsoe ho khutlisa hormone ea qoqotho eo u e hlokang.

Levothyroxine ke moriana o sebelisoang haholo:

  • O tla fuoa tefo e tlase ka ho fetisisa e ka kokobetsang matšoao a hau mme ea khutlisetsa maemo a hau a li-hormone maling a tloaelehileng.
  • Haeba u na le lefu la pelo kapa u se u le moholo, mofani oa hau a ka u qala ka tekanyetso e nyane haholo.
  • Batho ba bangata ba nang le qoqotho e sa sebetseng hantle ba tla hloka ho noa meriana ena bophelo bohle.
  • Levothyroxine hangata ke pilisi, empa batho ba bang ba nang le hypothyroidism e matla ba hloka ho phekoloa sepetlele ka levothyroxine e kenang methapong (e fanoang ka mothapo).

Ha a qala ka meriana ea hau, mofani oa hau a ka sheba maemo a hau a lihormone likhoeling tse ling le tse ling tse peli le tse tharo. Kamora moo, litekanyetso tsa hau tsa "hormone" ea "thyroid" li lokela ho beoa leihlo bonyane hanngoe selemo se seng le se seng.


Ha u noa moriana oa qoqotho, ela hloko tse latelang:

  • Se ke oa emisa ho noa moriana leha o ikutloa o le betere. Tsoela pele ho e nka hantle joalo ka ha mofani oa hau a laetse.
  • Haeba u fetola lihlahisoa tsa meriana ea qoqotho, tsebisa mofani oa hau. Methati ea hau e kanna ea hloka ho hlahlojoa.
  • Seo u se jang se ka fetola tsela eo 'mele oa hau o amohelang meriana ea qoqotho ka eona. Bua le mofani oa hau haeba u ja lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa soya kapa u ja lijo tse nang le fiber e ngata.
  • Meriana ea qoqotho e sebetsa hantle haholo ka mpeng e se nang letho le ha e nooa hora e le 'ngoe pele ho meriana e meng. Botsa mofani oa hau hore na u lokela ho noa meriana ea hau pele u robala. Ho e nka ka nako ea ho robala ho ka lumella 'mele oa hau ho monya moriana hamolemo ho feta ho o noa motšehare.
  • Emela bonyane lihora tse 4 kamora ho nka lihormone tsa qoqotho pele u noa li-fiber, calcium, iron, multivitamine, aluminium hydroxide antacids, colestipol kapa meriana e tlamang bile acid.

Ha u ntse u noa kalafo e nchafatsang qoqotho, bolella mofani oa hau haeba u na le matšoao a bontšang hore lethal dose le phahame haholo joalo ka:

  • Ho tšoenyeha
  • Liphetolelo
  • Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ka potlako
  • Ho se phomole kapa ho tsitsinyeha (ho thothomela)
  • Ho fufuleloa

Maemong a mangata, tekanyo ea lihomone tsa qoqotho e ba e tloaelehileng ka kalafo e nepahetseng. Mohlomong u tla noa moriana oa qoqotho oa qoqotho bophelo bohle ba hao.

Bothata ba Myxedema (hape bo bitsoa myxedema coma), mofuta o matla ka ho fetisisa oa hypothyroidism, ha o fumanehe hangata. E etsahala ha maemo a lihomone tsa qoqotho a theoha haholo. Bothata bo matla ba hypothyroid bo bakoa ke ts'oaetso, bokuli, ho pepesehela serame kapa meriana e itseng (li-opiate ke sesosa se tloaelehileng) ho batho ba nang le hypothyroidism e matla.

Bothata ba Myxedema ke ts'ohanyetso ea bongaka e lokelang ho phekoloa sepetlele. Batho ba bang ba kanna ba hloka oksijene, thuso ea ho hema (ventilator), phumants'o ea mokelikeli, le booki ba tlhokomelo e matla.

Matšoao le matšoao a myxedema coma a kenyelletsa:

  • Tlas'a mocheso o tloaelehileng oa 'mele
  • Fokotsa ho hema
  • Khatello ea mali e tlase ea systolic
  • Tsoekere e tlase maling
  • Ho se arabele
  • Maemo a sa lokelang kapa a sa sebetseng

Batho ba nang le hypothyroidism e sa alafatsoeng ba kotsing e kholo ea:

  • Tšoaetso
  • Ho hloka thari, ho senyeheloa ke mpa, ho tsoala ngoana ea nang le bokooa
  • Lefu la pelo ka lebaka la li-cholesterol tse LDL (tse mpe) tse phahameng
  • Ho hloleha ha pelo

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u na le matšoao a hypothyroidism.

Haeba u phekoloa ka lebaka la hypothyroidism, letsetsa mofani oa litšebeletso haeba:

  • U ba le bohloko ba sefuba kapa ho otla ha pelo kapele
  • U na le tšoaetso
  • Matšoao a hau a mpefala kapa ha a ntlafatse kalafo
  • U hlahisa matšoao a macha

Myxedema; Batho ba baholo hypothyroidism; Qoqotho e sa sebetseng; Goiter - hypothyroidism; Thyroiditis - hypothyroidism; Hormone ea qoqotho - hypothyroidism

  • Ho tlosoa ha qoqotho ea qoqotho - ho tsoa
  • Litšoelesa tsa endocrine
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Khokahano ea qoqotho ea boko
  • Hypothyroidism ea mathomo le ea bobeli

Brent GA, Weetman AP. Hypothyroidism le thyroiditis. Ka: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, bahlophisi.Buka ea Williams ea Endocrinology. La bo14 la ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 13.

Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, le al. Litataiso tsa kalafo ea hypothyroidism ho batho ba baholo: li tšehelitsoe ke Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Endocrinologists le American Thyroid Association. Boitšoaro ba Endocr. 2012; 18 (6): 988-1028. PMID: 23246686 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23246686/.

Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, le al; American Force Thyroid Association Task Force mabapi le Phetolo ea Hormone ea Thyroid. Litaelo tsa kalafo ea hypothyroidism: e hlophisitsoeng ke sehlopha sa basebetsi ba American Thyroid Association mabapi le phetoho ea lihormone tsa qoqotho. Thyroid. 2014; 24 (12): 1670-1751. PMID: 25266247 e fetotsoe.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25266247/.

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