Malabsorption

Malabsorption e kenyelletsa mathata a bokhoni ba 'mele ba ho amohela (ho monya) limatlafatsi lijong.

Maloetse a mangata a ka baka malabsorption. Hangata, malabsorption e kenyelletsa mathata a ho monya tsoekere, mafura, liprotheine kapa livithamini. E ka kenyelletsa bothata ba kakaretso ba ho monya lijo.

Mathata kapa tšenyo mala a manyane a ka lebisang mathateng a ho monya limatlafatsi tsa bohlokoa. Tsena li kenyelletsa:

• Lefu la Celiac
• Lebelo la tropike
• Lefu la Crohn
• Boloetse ba whipple
• Tšenyo ea kalafo ea radiation
• Ho ata ha libaktheria ka maleng a manyenyane
• Tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko kapa tapeworm
• Phekolo e tlosang sohle kapa karolo ea mala a manyane

Li-enzyme tse hlahisoang ke manyeme li thusa ho monya mafura le limatlafatsi tse ling. Ho fokotseha ha li-enzyme tsena ho etsa hore ho be thata ho monya mafura le limatlafatsi tse itseng. Mathata le manyeme a ka bakoa ke:

• Cystic fibrosis
• Ts'oaetso kapa ho ruruha ha manyeme
• Matšoenyeho ho manyeme
• Ho buoa ho tlosa karolo ea manyeme

Tse ling tsa lisosa tse ling tsa malabsorption li kenyelletsa:

• AIDS le HIV
• Meriana e meng (tetracycline, li-antacids, meriana e meng e sebelisetsoang ho phekola botenya, colchicine, acarbose, phenytoin, cholestyramine)
• Gastrectomy le kalafo ea ho buoa bakeng sa botenya
• Cholestasis
• Boloetse bo sa foleng ba sebete
• Ho se mamellane ha protheine ea lebese la khomo
• Ho se mamellane ha protheine ea lebese la soya

Ho bana, boima ba hona joale kapa sekhahla sa boima ba 'mele hangata se tlase haholo ho feta sa bana ba bang ba lilemo tse tšoanang le tsa bong. Hona ho bitsoa ho hloleha ho atleha. Ngoana a kanna a se ke a hola le ho hola ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng.

Batho ba baholo le bona ba ka hloleha ho atleha, ka ho theola boima ba 'mele, ho senyeha ha mesifa, bofokoli esita le mathata a ho nahana.

Liphetoho litulong hangata li teng, empa eseng kamehla.

Liphetoho litulong li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho senya, ho hatakela le khase
• Litulo tse ngata
• Letšollo le sa foleng
• Litulo tse mafura (steatorrhea)

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo. Liteko tse ka etsoang li kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa mali le moroto
• CT scan ea mpa
• Teko ea phefumoloho ea Hydrogen
• MR kapa CT tlhatlhobo
• Teko ea Schilling bakeng sa khaello ea vithamine B12
• Teko ea ts'usumetso ea lekunutu
• Biopsy e nyane ea mala
• Moetlo oa setso kapa moetlo oa aspirate e nyane ea mala
• Ho lekoa mafura a setuloana
• X-ray ea mala a manyane kapa liteko tse ling tsa ho nka litšoantšo

Kalafo e ipapisitse le sesosa mme e reretsoe ho imolla matšoao le ho netefatsa hore 'mele o fumana limatlafatsi tse lekaneng.

Ho ka lekoa lijo tse nang le likhalori tse ngata. E lokela ho fana ka:

• Li-vithamine le liminerale tsa bohlokoa, joalo ka tšepe, folic acid le vithamine B12
• Li-carbohydrate tse lekaneng, liprotheine le mafura

Haeba ho hlokahala, ho tla fanoa ka liente tsa livithamini le liminerale tse ling kapa lintlha tse khethehileng tsa kholo. Ba nang le tšenyo ea manyeme ba ka hloka ho noa li-enzyme tsa pancreatic. Mofani oa hau o tla fana ka litaelo tsena ha ho hlokahala.

Ho ka lekoa meriana ea ho fokotsa motsamao o tloaelehileng oa mala. Sena se ka lumella lijo ho lula ka maleng nako e telele.

Haeba 'mele o sa khone ho monya limatlafatsi tse lekaneng, ho leka phepo ea malapa ka botlalo (TPN). E tla thusa uena kapa ngoana oa hau ho fumana phepo e nepahetseng ho tsoa mokhoeng o khethehileng ka mothapo oa mmele. Mofani oa hau o tla khetha likhalori tse nepahetseng le tharollo ea TPN. Ka linako tse ling, o ka ja le ho noa ha o ntse o fumana phepo e nepahetseng ho TPN.

Ponahalo e latela hore na ke eng e bakang ts'oaetso ea malabsorption.

Malabsorption ea nako e telele e ka baka:

• Khaello ea mali
• Majoe a majoe
• Majoe a liphio
• Masapo a masesaane le a fokolang

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u e-na le matšoao a malabsorption.

Thibelo e ipapisitse le boemo bo bakang malabsorption.

• Tsamaiso ea ho sila lijo
• Cystic fibrosis
• Lisebelisoa tsa tsamaiso ea lijo

Högenauer C, Hammer HF. Maldigestion le malabsorption. Ka: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, bahlophisi. Sleisenger le Fordtran's Mpeng le Mafu a Sebete. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: khaolo ea 104.

Semrad CE. Atamela mokuli ka letšollo le malabsorption. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 131.