Kankere ea Esophageal

Kankere ea Esophageal ke mofetše o qalang ka mpeng. Ena ke phaephe eo lijo li tsamaeang ka eona ho tloha molomong ho ea ka mpeng.

Kankere ea Esophageal ha e tloaelehe United States. E etsahala hangata ho banna ba fetang lilemo tse 50.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea mofetše oa' metso; squamous cell carcinoma le adenocarcinoma. Mefuta ena e 'meli e shebahala e fapane ka tlasa microscope.

Kankere ea squamous cell esophageal e hokahane le ho tsuba le ho noa joala haholo.

Adenocarcinoma ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa mofetše oa 'metso. Ho ba le 'mele oa Barrett ho eketsa kotsi ea mofuta ona oa mofets'e. Lefu la reflux ea acid (lefu la reflux la gastroesophageal, kapa GERD) le ka fetoha Barrett esophagus. Mabaka a mang a kotsi a kenyelletsa ho tsuba, ho ba monna kapa ho nona.

Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa efe kapa efe ea tse latelang:

• Motsamao o khutlelang morao oa lijo ka 'metso hape mohlomong le molomo (ho pheta-pheta)
• Bohloko ba sefuba bo sa amaneng le ho ja
• Bothata ba ho koenya lintho tse tiileng kapa maro
• Ho heletsa
• Ho hlatsa madi
• Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele

Liteko tse sebelisitsoeng ho thusa ho fumana mofets'e oa 'metso li ka kenyelletsa:

• Letoto la li-x-ray tse nkiloeng ho ea hlahloba 'metso (barium swallow)
• MRI ea sefuba kapa thoracic CT (hangata e sebelisetsoang ho thusa ho tseba boemo ba lefu lena)
• Endoscopic ultrasound (eo ka linako tse ling e sebelisetsoang ho tseba boemo ba lefu)
• Teko ea ho hlahloba le ho tlosa sampole ea lera la 'metso (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, EGD)
• PET scan (ka linako tse ling e na le thuso bakeng sa ho tseba boemo ba lefu, le hore na ho buuoa hoa khoneha)

Ho etsa liteko ka setuloana ho ka bonts'a mali a manyane ka setuloaneng.

EGD e tla sebelisoa ho fumana sampole ea lisele ho tsoa 'metso ho fumana mofetše.

Ha mofets'e o le ka mpeng feela mme o sa namela, ho tla etsoa opereishene. Kankere le karolo, kapa tsohle, tsa 'metso lia tlosoa. Ho buuoa ho ka etsoa ka ho sebelisa:

• Opereishene e bulehileng, nakong eo ho etsoang likhahla tse 1 kapa tse peli tse kholo.
• Ho buuoa hanyane ka hanyane, nakong eo ho etsoang likhahla tse nyane ho isa ho tse 4 ka mpeng. Laparoscope e nang le kh'amera e nyane e kenngoa ka mpeng ka e 'ngoe ea likhahla.

Phekolo ea radiation e ka sebelisoa ho fapana le ho buuoa maemong a mang ha mofets'e o sa namela kantle ho 'metso.

Ebang ke chemotherapy, radiation, kapa ka bobeli li ka sebelisoa ho fokotsa hlahala le ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho etsa opereishene.

Haeba motho a kula haholo hoo a ke keng a etsoa opereishene e kholo kapa mofetše o nametse lithong tse ling, chemotherapy kapa radiation e ka sebelisoa ho thusa ho fokotsa matšoao. Sena se bitsoa kalafo ea kalafo. Maemong a joalo, hangata lefu lena ha le phekolehe.

Ntle le phetoho ea lijo, kalafo tse ling tse ka sebelisoang ho thusa mokuli ho koenya li kenyelletsa:

• Ho fokotsa (ho atolosa) setopo ka ho sebelisa endoscope. Ka linako tse ling ho beoa stent ho boloka 'metso o butsoe.
• Phala ea phepo ka mpeng.
• Phekolo ea Photodynamic, moo moriana o khethehileng o kenngoang ka hlahala ebe o pepesetsoa leseli. Leseli le etsa hore moriana o hlaselang hlahala o sebelise.

U ka fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea bokuli ka ho kenela sehlopha sa ts'ehetso ea mofets'e. Ho arolelana le ba bang ba nang le liphihlelo tse tšoanang le mathata ho ka u thusa hore u se ke ua ikutloa u le mong

Ha mofetše o sa namela kantle ho 'metso, ho buuoa ho ka ntlafatsa menyetla ea ho phela.

Ha mofetše o nametse likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele, hangata pheko ha e khonehe. Kalafo e lebisitsoe ho fokotsa matšoao.

Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:

• Nyomonea
• Ho theola boima ba 'mele haholo ka ho se je ka ho lekaneng

Bitsa mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u thatafalloa ke ho koenya ntle le lebaka le tsejoang 'me ha e ntlafale. Hape letsetsa haeba u na le matšoao a mang a mofetše oa 'metso.

Ho fokotsa kotsi ea mofetše oa kankere:

• U SE KE UA tsuba.
• Fokotsa kapa U SE KE ua noa lino tse tahang.
• Hlahloba ngaka ea hau haeba u na le GERD e matla.
• Fumana tlhahlobo ea kamehla haeba u na le 'metso oa Barrett.

Kankere - 'metso

• Esophagectomy - ho tsoa
• Gastrostomy e fepa tube - bolus
• Jejunostomy tube ea ho fepa

• Tsamaiso ea ho sila lijo
• Thibelo ea ho fokotsa lesokolla
• Kankere ea Esophageal

Ku GY, Ilson DH. Kankere ea 'metso. Ka: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, bahlophisi. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 71.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Kalafo ea mofetše oa Esophageal (PDQ) - mofuta oa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle. www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/hp/esophageal- kalafo-pdq. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 12 Pulungoana, 2019. E fihlile ka la 5 Tshitwe.

Webosaete ea National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Litaelo tsa NCCN tsa litloaelo tsa kliniki ho oncology (litataiso tsa NCCN): Kankere ea esophageal le esophagogastric junction. Mofuta oa 2.2019. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/esophageal.pdf. E ntlafalitsoe ka Mots'eanong 29, 2019. E fihlile ka Loetse 4, 2019.