Pneumonia - ho fokolisa sesole sa 'mele

Pneumonia ke tšoaetso ea matšoafo. E ka bakoa ke likokoana-hloko tse ngata tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa libaktheria, livaerase le fungi.

Sengoloa sena se bua ka pneumonia e etsahalang ho motho ea nang le bothata ba ho loants'a ts'oaetso ka lebaka la mathata a sesole sa 'mele. Mofuta ona oa lefu o bitsoa "pneumonia ho moamoheli ea itšireletsang".

Maemo a amanang a kenyelletsa:

• Pneumonia e fumanoeng ke sepetlele
• Pneumocystis jiroveci (eo pele e neng e bitsoa Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia
• Pneumonia - cytomegalovirus
• Nyomonea
• Pneumonia ea vaerase
• Pneumonia ea ho tsamaea

Batho bao sesole sa 'mele sa bona se sa sebetseng hantle ha ba khone ho loantša likokoana-hloko. Sena se etsa hore ba pepesehele tšoaetso e tsoang ho likokoana-hloko tse sa atiseng ho baka mafu ho batho ba phetseng hantle. Ba boetse ba kotsing ea ho hlaseloa ke pneumonia khafetsa, e ka amang mang kapa mang.

Sistimi ea hau ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e kanna ea fokola kapa ea se sebetse hantle ka lebaka la:

• Ho kenyelletsa masapo a masapo
• Chemotherapy
• Tšoaetso ea HIV
• Lefuemia, lymphoma le maemo a mang a ka senyang moko oa masapo
• Mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung
• Meriana (ho kenyeletsoa li-steroid, le tse sebelisetsoang ho alafa mofetše le ho laola mafu a itšireletsang mafung)
• Ho kenyelletsa 'mele (ho kenyelletsa liphio, pelo le matšoafo)

Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• Khohlela (e kanna ea omella kapa ea hlahisa sefuba se kang makhopo, botala bo botala, kapa sefuba)
• Ho bata ka ho tsitsinyeha
• Mokhathala
• Feberu
• Ho se utloise bohloko ka kakaretso, ho se ts'oenyehe kapa ho kula (malaise)
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho
• Ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo
• Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• Ho opeloa kapa ho hlaba sefubeng ho mpefala ka ho hema haholo kapa ho hohlola
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane

Matšoao a mang a ka hlahang:

• Ho fufuleloa haholo kapa ho fufuleloa bosiu
• Manonyeletso a thata (a sa tloaelehang)
• Matšoao a thata (a sa tloaelehang)

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka utloa ho petsoha kapa melumo e meng e sa tloaelehang ea phefumoloho ha a mametse sefubeng ka stethoscope. Ho fokotseha ha molumo oa phefumoloho ke lets'oao la bohlokoa. Tlhaloso ena e ka bolela hore ho na le mokelikeli o mongata pakeng tsa lerako la sefuba le matšoafo (pleural effusion).

Liteko li ka kenyelletsa:

• Likhase tsa mali tse ngata
• Lik'hemik'hale tsa mali
• Tloaelo ea mali
• Bronchoscopy (maemong a mang)
• Sefuba sa CT (maemong a mang)
• X-ray sefubeng
• Palo e felletseng ea mali
• Lung biopsy (maemong a mang)
• Teko ea serum cryptococcus antigen
• Teko ea serum galactomannan
• Teko ea Galactomannan e tsoang ho bronchial alveolar fluid
  
• Tloaelo ea sekhohlela
• Letheba la sekhohlela la Gram
• Liteko tsa sekhohlela sa immunofluorescence (kapa liteko tse ling tsa boits'ireletso ba mmele)
• Liteko tsa moroto (ho fumana lefu la Legionnaire kapa Histoplasmosis)

Lithibela-mafu kapa meriana e loantšang mafu e ka sebelisoa, ho latela mofuta oa kokoana-hloko e bakang tšoaetso. Lithibela-mafu ha li na thuso bakeng sa tšoaetso ea vaerase. U kanna ua hloka ho lula sepetlele nakong ea bokuli.

Oxyjene le kalafo ea ho tlosa mokelikeli le mamina tsamaisong ea ho hema hangata lia hlokahala.

Lintho tse ka lebisang liphellong tse mpe li kenyelletsa:

• Nyumonia e bakoang ke fungus.
• Motho o na le boits'ireletso ba mmele bo fokolang haholo.

Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho hloleha ho phefumoloha (boemo boo ho bona mokuli a ke keng a amohela oksijene le ho felisa carbon dioxide ntle le ts'ebeliso ea mochini oa ho hema.)
• Sepsis
• Ho hasana ha tšoaetso
• Lefu

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba o na le sesole sa 'mele se fokolang mme o na le matšoao a pneumonia.

Haeba o na le boits'ireletso ba mmele bo fokolang, o ka fumana lithibela-mafu tsa letsatsi le letsatsi ho thibela mefuta e meng ea serame sa matšoafo.

Botsa mofani oa hau hore na u lokela ho fumana liente tsa ntaramane (feberu) le pneumococcal (pneumonia).

Itloaetse bohloeki. Hlatsoa matsoho ka botlalo ka sesepa le metsi:

• Kamora ho ba kantle
• Kamora ho chencha leleiri
• Ka mor'a ho etsa mosebetsi oa ntlo
• Kamora ho ea ka kamoreng ea ho hlapela
• Kamora ho ama maro a 'mele, joalo ka mameno kapa mali
• Kamora ho sebelisa mohala
• Pele o tšoara lijo kapa ho ja

Lintho tse ling tseo u ka li etsang ho fokotsa ho pepesehela likokoana-hloko li kenyelletsa:

• Boloka ntlo ea hao e hloekile.
• Eba hole le matšoele.
• Kopa baeti ba nang le sefuba ho roala mask kapa ho se etele.
• O SE KE oa etsa mosebetsi oa jarete kapa oa tšoara limela kapa lipalesa (li ka jara likokoana-hloko).

Pneumonia ho mokuli ea sa itšireletsang mafung; Pneumonia - moamoheli ea itšireletsang mafung; Kankere - pneumonia; Chemotherapy - pneumonia; HIV - serame sa matšoafo

• Pneumococci phelang
• Matšoafo
• Matšoafo
• Tsamaiso ea phefumoloho

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Wunderink RG, Khutlisa MI. Pneumonia: ho nahanela ba kulang haholo. Ka: Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP, bahlophisi. Meriana e Hlokahalang ea Tlhokomelo: Melao-motheo ea Tlhahlobo le Tsamaiso ho Motho e Moholo. La 5th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 40.