Sengoli: Roger Morrison
Letsatsi La Creation: 22 September 2021
Ntlafatsa Letsatsi: 12 November 2024
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Hemostasis e tsamaellana le letoto la lits'ebetso tse etsahalang kahare ho methapo ea mali e ikemiselitseng ho boloka mokelikeli oa mali, ntle le ho thehoa hoa mali kapa ho tsoa mali.

Ha e le hantle, hemostasis e hlaha ka mekhahlelo e meraro e etsahalang ka potlako le ka tsela e hokahaneng mme e kenyelletsa liplatelete le liprotheine tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho honyela le fibrinolysis.

Kamoo hemostasis e etsahalang

Hemostasis e hlaha ka mokhoa o ts'oaroang ka mekhahlelo e meraro e its'etlehileng mme e etsahala ka nako e le ngoe.

1. Hemostasis ea mantlha

Hemostasis e qala hang ha methapo ea mali e senyehile. Ho arabela kotsi, vasoconstriction ea sejana se lemetseng e etsahala molemong oa ho fokotsa phallo ea mali ea lehae mme ka hona e thibele ho tsoa ha mali kapa thrombosis.

Ka nako e ts'oanang, liplatelete li sebelisoa ebe li latela sejana sa endothelium ka lebaka la von Willebrand factor. Ebe liplatelete li fetola sebopeho sa tsona hore li tsebe ho lokolla likahare tsa tsona ka lero la mali, le nang le tšebetso ea ho bokella liplatelete tse ngata sebakeng sa leqeba, ebe li qala ho khomarelana, li etsa polaka ea platelet ea mantlha, e nang le nakoana phello.


Ithute haholoanyane ka liplatelete le mesebetsi ea tsona.

2. Hemostasis ea bobeli

Ka nako e ts'oanang le ha hemostasis ea mantlha e hlaha, coagulation Cascade e ts'oaroe, e etsa hore liprotheine tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho koaloa li kenngoe tšebetsong. Ka lebaka la phallo ea li-coagulation, mefuta ea fibrin, e nang le ts'ebetso ea ho matlafatsa polaka ea platelet ea mantlha, ho e etsa hore e tsitse.

Lintho tse kopanyang ke liprotheine tse potolohang maling ka mokhoa oa tsona o sa sebetseng, empa li ts'oaroa ho latela litlhoko tsa 'mele' me sepheo sa tsona sa mantlha ke phetoho ea fibrinogen hore e be fibrin, e bohlokoa molemong oa ho ema ha mali.

3. Fibrinolysis

Fibrinolysis ke karolo ea boraro ea hemostasis mme e na le ts'ebetso ea ho senya butle-butle polaka ea hemostatic ho khutlisa phallo e tloaelehileng ea mali. Ts'ebetso ena e buelloa ke plasmin, e leng protheine e tsoang ho plasminogen mme mosebetsi oa eona e le ho nyenyefatsa fibrin.

Mokhoa oa ho khetholla liphetoho ho heestasis

Liphetoho ho hemostasis li ka fumanoa ka liteko tse khethehileng tsa mali, tse kang:


  • Nako ea ho tsoa mali (TS): Teko ena e na le ho sheba nako eo hemostasis e hlahang mme e ka etsoa ka lesoba le lenyenyane tsebeng, mohlala. Ka lebaka la nako ea ho tsoa mali, ho a khonahala ho hlahloba heestasis ea mantlha, ke hore, hore na liplatelete li na le ts'ebetso e lekaneng. Leha e le teko e sebelisoang haholo, mokhoa ona o ka baka mathata, haholo ho bana, hobane ho hlokahala ho etsa lesoba le lenyenyane tsebeng 'me ho na le kamano e tlase le tloaelo ea ho tsoa mali ea motho;
  • Teko ea pokello ea Platelet: Ka tlhahlobo ena, ho a khonahala ho netefatsa bokhoni ba platelet aggregation, hape ho bohlokoa e le mokhoa oa ho lekola hemostasis ea mantlha. Liplatelete tsa motho li pepesetsoa lintho tse fapaneng tse ka hohelang ho hola 'me sephetho se ka bonoa sesebedisweng se lekanyang boholo ba platelet aggregation;
  • Nako ea Prothrombin (TP): Teko ena e lekola bokhoni ba mali ba ho hoama ka ho hlasimolla e 'ngoe ea litsela tse phallang ka har'a coagulation, tsela e ka ntle. Kahoo, e lekola hore na ho nka mali a makae ho hlahisa polaka ea bobeli ea hemostatic. Utloisisa hore na tlhahlobo ea Prothrombin Time ke eng le hore na e etsoa joang;
  • Nako e sebelisitsoeng ea Partial Thromboplastin (APTT): Teko ena e boetse e lekola hemostasis ea bobeli, leha ho le joalo e lekola tšebetso ea lintlha tsa coagulation tse teng tseleng ea tlhaho ea phallo ea coagulation;
  • Tekanyo ea fibrinogen: Teko ena e etsoa ka sepheo sa ho netefatsa hore na ho na le fibrinogen e lekaneng e ka sebelisoang ho hlahisa fibrin.

Ntle le liteko tsena, ngaka e kanna ea khothaletsa tse ling, joalo ka litekanyo tsa lintho tse hoamisa, ho etsa mohlala, e le hore ho ka khonahala ho tseba hore na ho na le khaello nthong efe kapa efe ea ho koala e ka sitisang ts'ebetso ea hemostasis.


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