Sesepa sa Toxicology

Sesepa sa chefo ea chefo e bua ka liteko tse fapaneng tse khethollang mofuta le likhakanyo tsa lithethefatsi tse seng molaong le tse seng molaong tseo motho a li nkileng.

Ho hlahlojoa ha toxicology hangata ho etsoa ho sebelisoa sampole ea mali kapa ea moroto. Leha ho le joalo, e ka etsoa kapelenyana kamora hore motho a metse moriana, a sebelisa lintho tse ka mpeng tse nkuoeng ka ho hlatsoa ka mpeng (ho pompa mpa) kapa kamora ho hlatsa.

Ha ho litokisetso tse khethehileng tse hlokahalang. Haeba u khona, bolella mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo hore na ke lithethefatsi life (ho kenyeletsoa le litlhare tse rekisoang) tseo u li nkileng, ho kenyeletsoa hore na u li nkile neng le hore na u li noa hakae.

Teko ena ka linako tse ling ke karolo ea lipatlisiso tsa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi kapa tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi. Ho ka hlokahala litumello tse ikhethang, ho sebetsana le ho beha mabitso lipapisong, kapa lits'ebetso tse ling.

Teko ea mali:

Ha nale e kentsoe ho hula mali, batho ba bang ba utloa bohloko bo itekanetseng, ha ba bang ba utloa feela ho hlaba kapa ho hlaba. Kamora moo, ho kanna ha ba le ho tsitsipana.

Teko ea moroto:

Teko ea moroto e kenyelletsa ho ntša metsi ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng. Ha ho na bothata.

Teko ena hangata e etsoa maemong a bongaka a tšohanyetso. E ka sebelisoa ho lekola tšebeliso e feteletseng ea kotsi kapa ka boomo kapa chefo. E ka thusa ho tseba sesosa sa chefo e mpe ea lithethefatsi, ho lekola ho itšetleha ha lithethefatsi, le ho tseba boteng ba lintho 'meleng molemong oa bongaka kapa oa molao.

Mabaka a mang ao teko e ka etsoang a kenyelletsa:

• Botahoa
• Boemo ba ho tlohela joala
• Boemo bo fetohileng ba kelello
• Analgesic nephropathy (chefo ea liphio)
• Ho itlopa joala ka thata (delirium tremens)
• Delirium
• Dementia ea kelello
• Tlhokomelo ea tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi
• Lefu la fetal alcohol
• Ho feta tekano ka boomo
• Ho oa
• Stroke se bakoang ke tšebeliso ea k'hok'heine
• Ho hlekefetsoa ka thobalano
• Ho akheha

Haeba tlhahlobo e sebelisoa e le sekirini sa lithethefatsi, e tlameha ho etsoa ka nako e itseng kamora hore sethethefatsi se nooe, kapa ha mefuta ea sethethefatsi e ntse e ka fumanoa 'meleng. Mehlala e ka tlase:

• Joala: lihora tse 3 ho isa ho tse 10
• Li-amphetamine: Lihora tse 24 ho isa ho tse 48
• Barbiturates: ho fihlela libeke tse 6
• Benzodiazepines: ho fihlela libeke tse 6 ka ts'ebeliso e phahameng
• Cocaine: matsatsi a 2 ho isa ho a mane; ho fihlela matsatsi a 10 ho isa ho a 22 ka ts'ebeliso e boima
• Codeine: matsatsi a 1 ho isa ho a 2
• Heroin: matsatsi a 1 ho isa ho a 2
• Hydromorphone: matsatsi a 1 ho isa ho a 2
• Methadone: matsatsi a 2 ho isa ho a mararo
• Morphine: matsatsi a 1 ho isa ho a mabeli
• Phencyclidine (PCP): matsatsi a 1 ho isa ho a 8
• Propoxyphene: lihora tse 6 ho isa ho tse 48
• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): libeke tse 6 ho isa ho tse 11 ka ts'ebeliso e boima

Mekhahlelo e tloaelehileng ea boleng ba li-counter-counter kapa meriana ea ngaka e ka fapana hanyane har'a lilaboratori tse fapaneng. Bua le mofani oa hau ka moelelo oa sephetho sa hau sa liteko.

Boleng bo fosahetseng hangata bo bolela hore joala, meriana ea ngaka e sa ngolisoang le lithethefatsi tse seng molaong ha li so fumanoe.

Sesepa sa chefo ea mali se ka supa boteng le boemo (bongata) ba sethethefatsi 'meleng oa hau.

Liphetho tsa sampole ea moroto hangata ho tlalehoa e le ntle (ntho e fumanoe) kapa e mpe (ha ho ntho e fumanoang).

Mefuta e phahameng ea joala kapa lithethefatsi tse tlisoang ke lengolo la ngaka e ka ba sesupo sa botahoa bo fetotsoeng ka boomo kapa ka phoso.

Boteng ba lithethefatsi kapa lithethefatsi tse seng molaong bakeng sa motho bo bontša tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi.

Kemiso e 'ngoe ea molao le litlhare tsa khaontara li ka sebelisana le lik'hemik'hale tsa liteko le sephetho sa bohata litekong tsa moroto. Mofani oa hau o tla tseba ka monyetla ona.

Likotsi tse amanang le ho huloa mali li nyane empa li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho tsoa mali a mangata
• Ho akheha kapa ho ikutloa o le hlooho e boima
• Hematoma (mali a bokellanang ka tlasa letlalo)
• Tšoaetso (kotsi e nyane neng kapa neng ha letlalo le robehile)

Lintho tse ka fumanoang skrineng sa chefo li kenyeletsa:

• Joala (ethanol) - "ho noa" joala
• Li-amphetamine
• Ho imeloa kelellong
• Barbiturates le hypnotics
• Benzodiazepines
• K'hok'heine
• Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
• Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
• Matekoane
• Lithethefatsi
• Meriana e sa hlokeng lithethefatsi tse bohloko, ho kenyeletsoa acetaminophen le lithethefatsi tse loantšang ho ruruha
• Phencyclidine (PCP)
• Phenothiazines (meriana e thibelang mafu kapa e kokobetsang)
• Meriana ea ngaka, mofuta ofe kapa ofe

Barbiturates - skrine; Benzodiazepines - skrine; Li-amphetamine - skrine; Analgesics - skrine; Ho imeloa kelellong - skrine; Lithethefatsi - skrine; Phenothiazines - skrine; Skrine ea tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi; Teko ea joala ea mali

• Teko ea mali

Langman LJ, Bechtel LK, Meier BM, Holstege C. Bongaka ba chefo ea bongaka. Ka: Rifai N, ed. Tietz ea Buka ea Khemistri ea Kliniki le Diagnostics ea Limolek'hule. La 6th. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 41.

Metsi AB, Clark RF. Tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi. Ka: Marako RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Likhopolo le Tloaelo ea Kliniki. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 140.

Mofenson HC, Caraccio TR, McGuigan M, Greensher J. Bongaka ba chefo. Ka: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. Phekolo ea Hajoale ea Conn ea 2019. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019; 1273-1325.

Pincus MR, Bluth MH, Abraham NZ. Toxicology le tlhokomelo ea lithethefatsi ea kalafo. Ka: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, bahlophisi. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis le Tsamaiso ka Mekhoa ea Laboraro. La bo23 la ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 23.