Ho etela bana hantle

Nako ea bongoana ke nako ea kholo e potlakileng le phetoho. Bana ba etela bana hantle ha ba sa le banyenyane. Lebaka ke hobane nts'etsopele e potlakile lilemong tsena.

Ketelo ka 'ngoe e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea' mele. Tekong ena, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla lekola kholo le kholo ea ngoana molemong oa ho fumana kapa ho thibela mathata.

Mofani oa thepa o tla hatisa bolelele ba ngoana oa hao, boima ba hae le leseli le leng la bohlokoa. Ho utloa, ho bona le liteko tse ling tsa ho lekola e tla ba karolo ea liketelo tse ling.

Le ha ngoana oa hau a phetse hantle, ho etela bana hantle ke nako e ntle ea ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho bophelo ba ngoana oa hau. Ho bua ka mekhoa ea ho ntlafatsa tlhokomelo le ho thibela mathata ho thusa ho boloka ngoana oa hau a phetse hantle.

Ha u etela bana hantle, u tla fumana leseli ka lihlooho tse kang:

• Robala
• Polokeho
• Maloetse a bongoana
• Seo u ka se lebellang ha ngoana oa hau a ntse a hola

Ngola lipotso le lintho tse u tšoenyang 'me u tle le tsona. Sena se tla u thusa ho rua molemo haholo ketelong.

Mofani oa hau o tla ela hloko ka ho khetheha hore na ngoana oa hau o hola joang ha a bapisoa le mehato e tloaelehileng ea kholo. Bolelele ba ngoana, boima ba hae, le bokaholimo ba hlooho li tlalehiloe chate ea kholo. Chate ena e lula e le karolo ea tlaleho ea bongaka ea ngoana. Ho bua ka kholo ea ngoana oa hau ke sebaka se setle sa ho qala puisano ka bophelo bo botle ba ngoana oa hau. Botsa mofani oa hau ka sekhahla sa 'mele oa boima ba' mele (BMI), e leng sesebelisoa sa bohlokoahali sa ho khetholla le ho thibela botenya.

Mofani oa hau o tla bua ka lihlooho tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle joalo ka litaba tsa kamano ea lelapa, sekolo le phihlello ea lits'ebeletso tsa sechaba.

Ho na le lipampiri tse 'maloa tsa maeto a tloaelehileng a ho etela bana. Kemiso e le 'ngoe, e khothalletsoang ke American Academy of Pediatrics, e fanoe ka tlase.

Kemiso ea Thibelo ea Tlhokomelo ea Bophelo

Ho etela mofani pele ho lesea le hlahile le ka ba bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa:

• Batsoali ba pele.
• Batsoali ba nang le bokhachane bo kotsing e kholo.
• Motsoali ofe kapa ofe ea nang le lipotso mabapi le litaba tse kang ho fepa, lebollo le litaba tsa bophelo bo botle ba bana ka kakaretso.

Kamora hore ngoana a hlahe, ketelo e latelang e lokela ho ba matsatsi a 2 ho isa ho a 3 kamora ho tlisa lesea hae (bakeng sa masea a anyesitsoeng) kapa ha ngoana a le matsatsi a 2 ho isa ho a mane (bakeng sa masea ohle a lokolloang sepetlele pele a e-na le matsatsi a mabeli tsofetse). Bafani ba bang ba tla liehisa ketelo ho fihlela lesea le le libeke tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2 bakeng sa batsoali ba kileng ba ba le masea pele.

Kamora moo, ho kgothaletswa hore liketelo li etsahale lilemong tse latelang (mofani oa hau a ka u tlatselletsa kapa a tlola ho etela ho latela bophelo ba ngoana oa hau kapa boiphihlelo ba hau ba botsoali):

• Ka khoeli e 1
• Likhoeli tse 2
• Likhoeli tse 4
• Likhoeli tse 6
• Likhoeli tse 9
• Likhoeli tse 12
• Likhoeli tse 15
• Likhoeli tse 18
• lilemo tse 2
• Lilemo tse 2 1/2
• Lilemo tse 3
• Selemo se seng le se seng kamora moo ho fihlela lilemo tse 21

Hape, o lokela ho letsetsa kapa ho etela mofani nako efe kapa efe ha ngoana oa hau kapa ngoana a bonahala a kula kapa neng kapa neng ha o tšoenyehile ka bophelo bo botle ba ngoana oa hau kapa kholo ea hae.

LIEKETSENG LITABA

Lintho tsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele:

• Auscultation (ho mamela pelo, phefumoloho le melumo ea mpa)
• Pelo e utloahala
• Maikutlo a bongoana le maikutlo a tebileng a tendon ha ngoana a ntse a hola
• Neonatal jaundice - ketelo ea pele feela
• Palpation
• Pherekano
• Teko e tloaelehileng ea ophthalmic
• Tekanyo ea mocheso (bona le mocheso o tloaelehileng oa 'mele)

Tlhahisoleseling ka ente

• Liente - kakaretso ea kakaretso
• Masea le lithunya
• Ente ea diphtheria (vaksine)
• Ente ea DPT (ente)
• Ente ea Hepatitis A (vaksine)
• Ente ea Hepatitis B (vaksine)
• Ente ea Hib (ente)
• Vaerase ea motho ea papilloma (vaksine)
• Ente ea ntaramane (ente)
• Ente ea meningococcal (meningitis) (ente)
• Ente ea MMR (vaksine)
• Ente ea Pertussis (ente)
• Ente ea pneumococcal (ente)
• Ente ea polio (vaksine)
• Ente ea Rotavirus
• Ente ea tetanus (ente)
• Ente ea TdaP (vaksine)
• Ente ea Varicella (poulpox)

Keletso ea phepo e nepahetseng:

• Lijo tse nepahetseng bakeng sa phepo e nepahetseng ea lilemo
• Ho nyantsha
• Lijo le nts'etsopele ea kelello
• Fluoride lijong
• Mekhoa ea masea
• Botenya ho bana

Lenane la kholo le nts'etsopele:

• Lesea - tsoelo-pele e sa tsoa tsoaloa
• Nts'etsopele ea ngoana
• Nts'etsopele ea sekolo sa mathomo
• Kholo ea ngoana ea kenang sekolo
• Khōlo ea bocha
• Liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 2
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 4
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 6
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 9
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 12
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - likhoeli tse 18
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - lilemo tse 2
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - lilemo tse 3
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - lilemo tse 4
• Rekoto ea liketsahalo tsa nts'etsopele - lilemo tse 5

Ho lokisetsa ngoana ketelo ea ofisi ho ts'oana le tlhahlobo le liteko.

Mehato ea litokisetso ea fapana, ho latela lilemo tsa ngoana:

• Ho lokisetsa liteko tsa masea
• Ho itokisetsa teko ea ngoana / ts'ebetso ea ngoana
• Boitokisetso ba ho etsa liteko tsa pele ho sekolo
• Ho lokisetsa liteko tsa lilemo tsa sekolo

• Ho etela bana hantle

Hagan JF Jr, Navsaria D. Ho eketsa bophelo bo botle ba bana: ho hlahloba, ho tataisa le ho fana ka tlhabollo. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 12.

Kelly DP, Natale MJ. Ts'ebetso ea Neurodevelopmental le ea phethahatso le ho se sebetse. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 48.

Kimmel SR, Ratliff-Schaub K. Kholo le nts'etsopele. Ka: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, bahlophisi. Buka ea bongaka ea Meriana ea Lelapa. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 22.