Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis ke mofuta oa lefu la liphio leo karolo ea liphio tsa hau e thusang ho sefa litšila le maro a mali a senyehileng.

Karolo ea ho sefa ea liphio e bitsoa glomerulus. Phio ka 'ngoe e na le glomeruli e likete. Glomeruli e thusa 'mele ho felisa lintho tse kotsi.

Glomerulonephritis e ka bakoa ke mathata a sesole sa 'mele. Hangata, ha ho tsejoe hore na hantle-ntle sesosa sa boemo bona ke eng.

Tšenyo ea glomeruli e baka hore mali le protheine li lahlehe morotong.

Boemo bo ka hlaha kapele, mme ts'ebetso ea liphio ea lahleha nakong ea libeke kapa likhoeli. Sena se bitsoa glomerulonephritis e tsoelang pele ka potlako.

Batho ba bang ba nang le glomerulonephritis e sa foleng ha ba na nalane ea lefu la liphio.

Lintho tse latelang li ka eketsa kotsi ea boemo bona:

• Mathata a mali kapa a lymphatic system
• Ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa hydrocarbon
• Nalane ea mofetše
• Ts'oaetso joalo ka ts'oaetso ea li-strep, livaerase, tšoaetso ea pelo, kapa lisosa

Maemo a mangata a baka kapa a eketsa kotsi ea glomerulonephritis, ho kenyelletsa:

• Amyloidosis (bothata boo protheine e bitsoang amyloid e hahang ka har'a litho le lisele)
• Ho hloka taolo ho amang lera le ka tlaase le benyang, karolo ea liphio e thusang ho sefa litšila le mokelikeli o mong o tsoang maling
• Maloetse a methapo ea mali, joalo ka vasculitis kapa polyarteritis
• Karolo ea likarolo tsa glomerulosclerosis (khaello ea glomeruli)
• Anti-glomerular kamoreng e ka tlaase ea lera lefu (boloetse boo sesole sa 'mele sa' mele se hlaselang glomeruli)
• Analgesic nephropathy syndrome (lefu la liphio ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso e matla ea ho kokobetsa bohloko, haholo-holo li-NSAID)
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura (lefu le kenyang matheba a pherese letlalong, bohloko ba manonyeletso, mathata a mala le glomerulonephritis)
• IgA nephropathy (bothata boo li-antibodies tse bitsoang IgA li hahang lisele tsa liphio)
• Lupus nephritis (mathata a liphio a lupus)
• Membranoproliferative GN (mofuta oa glomerulonephritis ka lebaka la li-antibodies tse sa tloaelehang liphio)

Matšoao a tloaelehileng a glomerulonephritis ke:

• Mali ka morong (moroto o lefifi, o mafome kapa o sootho)
• Motsoako oa foam (ka lebaka la protheine e fetelletseng morotong)
• Ho ruruha (edema) ea sefahleho, mahlo, maqaqailana, maoto, maoto kapa mpa

Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa tse latelang:

• Bohloko ba mpeng
• Madi mahlatseng kapa mantle
• Khohlela le phefumoloho e khutšoanyane
• Letšollo
• Ho ntša metsi haholo
• Feberu
• Boikutlo bo bobe ba ho kula, mokhathala le ho hloka takatso ea lijo
• Mahlaba a kopaneng kapa a mesifa
• Ho tsoa mali ka nko

Matšoao a lefu le sa foleng la liphio a ka hlaha ha nako e ntse e tsamaea.

Matšoao a sa foleng a liphio a ka 'na a hlaha butle-butle.

Hobane matšoao a ka hlaha hanyane ka hanyane, bothata bona bo ka fumanoa ha o hlahlojoa ka tsela e sa tloaelehang nakong ea 'mele kapa tlhahlobo ea boemo bo bong.

Matšoao a glomerulonephritis a kenyeletsa:

• Khaello ea mali
• Khatello ea mali e phahameng
• Matšoao a ts'ebetso ea liphio e fokotsehileng

Biopsy ea liphio e tiisa ho fumanoa.

Hamorao, matšoao a lefu le sa foleng la liphio a ka bonahala, ho kenyelletsa:

• Ho ruruha ha methapo (polyneuropathy)
• Lipontšo tsa ho tlala mokelikeli, ho kenyelletsa melumo e sa tloaelehang ea pelo le matšoafo
• Ho ruruha (edema)

Ho nahana ka liteko tse ka etsoang ho kenyelletsa:

• Tlhaloso ea mpa ea mpa
• Liphio tsa ultrasound
• X-ray sefubeng
• Pyelogram e kenang ka hare (IVP)

Urinalysis le liteko tse ling tsa moroto li kenyelletsa:

• Tlhaloso ea Creatinine
• Ho hlahlojoa moroto ka tlas'a microscope
• Moroto o feletseng oa protheine
• Uric acid ka moroto
• Teko ea khatello ea moroto
• Creatinine ea moroto
• Protheine ea moroto
• Moroto RBC
• Motsoako o itseng oa khoheli
• Motsoako oa moroto

Lefu lena le ka baka litlamorao tse sa tloaelehang litekong tse latelang tsa mali:

• Albumin
• Teko ea antibody ea membrane ea kamore e ka tlase ea 'mele
• Li-antibodies tsa Antineutrophil cytoplasmic (ANCAs)
• Lisireletsi tse khahlanong le nyutlelie
• BUN le creatinine
• Tlatsa maemo

Kalafo e ipapisitse le sesosa sa lefu lena, le mofuta le ho tiea ha matšoao. Ho laola khatello e phahameng ea mali hangata ke karolo ea bohlokoahali ea kalafo.

Meriana e ka laeloang e kenyelletsa:

• Lithethefatsi tsa khatello ea mali, hangata li-enzyme tse fetolang li-enzyme le li-block blockers tsa angiotensin
• Corticosteroids
• Lithethefatsi tse hatellang sesole sa 'mele

Mokhoa o bitsoang plasmapheresis ka linako tse ling o ka sebelisoa bakeng sa glomerulonephritis e bakoang ke mathata a 'mele. Karolo e mokelikeli ea mali e nang le lisireletsi e ea tlosoa ebe e nkeloa sebaka ke maro a kenang methapong kapa lero la mali le fanoeng (le se nang li-antibodies). Ho tlosa li-antibodies ho ka fokotsa ho ruruha lithong tsa liphio.

U kanna ua hloka ho fokotsa ho noa ha hao sodium, maro, protheine le lintho tse ling.

Batho ba nang le boemo bona ba lokela ho shebeloa ka hloko bakeng sa matšoao a ho hloleha ha liphio. Dialysis kapa ho kenya liphio ho ka qetella ho hlokahala.

Hangata o ka fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea bokuli ka ho kenela lihlopha tsa ts'ehetso moo litho li arolelanang liphihlelo le mathata a tšoanang.

Glomerulonephritis e kanna ea ba ea nakoana mme ea fetoha, kapa e ka mpefala. Tsoelo-pele glomerulonephritis e ka lebisa ho:

• Ho hloleha ha liphio ho sa foleng
• Mosebetsi o fokotsehileng oa liphio
• Boloetse ba liphio qetellong

Haeba u na le nephrotic syndrome mme e ka laoloa, o kanna oa khona ho laola matšoao a mang. Haeba e sa laoloe, o ka ba le lefu la liphio qetellong.

Bitsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba:

• U na le boemo bo eketsang menyetla ea ho ba le glomerulonephritis
• U hlahisa matšoao a glomerulonephritis

Maemong a mangata a glomerulonephritis a ke ke a thibeloa. Maemo a mang a ka thibeloa ka ho qoba kapa ho fokotsa ho pepesehela li-solvents tsa tlhaho, mercury le lithethefatsi tse seng khahlanong le ho ruruha (NSAIDs).

Glomerulonephritis - e sa foleng; Sa foleng nephritis; Lefu la Glomerular; Ho hlasimolla glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis - seoli; Crescentic glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis e tsoelang pele ka potlako

• Anatomy ea liphio
• Glomerulus le nephron

Radhakrishnan J, Appel GB, D'Agati VD. Lefu la bobeli la glomerular. Ka: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, li-eds. Brenner le Rector ea Liphio. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 32.

Reich HN, Cattran DC. Kalafo ea glomerulonephritis. Ka: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, li-eds. Brenner le Rector ea Liphio. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 33.

Saha MK, Pendergraft WF, Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Lefu la mantlha la glomerular. Ka: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, li-eds. Brenner le Rector ea Liphio. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 31.