Khatello ea mali e phahameng - batho ba baholo

Khatello ea mali ke tekanyo ea matla a sebelisoang maboteng a methapo ea hau ha pelo ea hau e pompa mali 'meleng oa hau. Hypertension ke lentsoe le sebelisetsoang ho hlalosa khatello e phahameng ea mali.

Khatello ea mali e sa phekoleheng e ka baka mathata a mangata a bongaka. Tsena li kenyelletsa lefu la pelo, stroke, ho hloleha ha liphio, mathata a mahlo le litaba tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle.

Ho baloa khatello ea mali ho fanoa ka linomoro tse peli. Nomoro e holimo e bitsoa khatello ea mali ea systolic. Nomoro e ka tlase e bitsoa khatello ea mali ea diastolic. Mohlala, 120 e fetang 80 (e ngotsoeng e le 120/80 mm Hg).

E le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa lipalo tsena li ka ba holimo haholo. (Tlhokomeliso: Linomoro tsena li sebetsa ho batho ba sa noeng meriana ea khatello ea mali le ba sa kuleng.)

• Khatello ea mali e tloaelehileng ke ha khatello ea mali ea hau e le tlase ho 120/80 mm Hg boholo ba nako.
• Khatello ea mali e phahameng (hypertension) ke ha 'mali kapa e le' ngoe ea khatello ea mali e phahame ho feta 130/80 mm Hg boholo ba nako.
• Haeba nomoro e phahameng ea khatello ea mali e pakeng tsa 120 le 130 mm Hg, 'me palo e tlase ea khatello ea mali e ka tlase ho 80 mm Hg, e bitsoa khatello e phahameng ea mali.

Haeba u na le mathata a pelo kapa a liphio, kapa u bile le setorouku, ngaka ea hau e kanna ea batla hore khatello ea mali ea hau e be tlase le ho feta ea batho ba se nang maemo ana.

Lintho tse ngata li ka ama khatello ea mali, ho kenyelletsa:

• Palo ea metsi le letsoai 'meleng oa hau
• Boemo ba liphio tsa hau, tsamaiso ea methapo kapa methapo ea mali
• Litekanyo tsa lihormone tsa hau

U na le monyetla oa ho bolelloa khatello ea mali ea hau e phahame haholo ha u ntse u tsofala. Lebaka ke hobane methapo ea hau ea mali e ba thata ha u ntse u tsofala. Ha seo se etsahala, khatello ea mali ea hao ea phahama. Khatello ea mali e phahameng e eketsa menyetla ea ho ba le stroke, lefu la pelo, ho hloleha ha pelo, lefu la liphio kapa lefu la pele ho nako.

U na le kotsi e kholo ea khatello e phahameng ea mali haeba u:

• Ke African American
• Ba batenya
• Ba lula ba imetsoe kelellong kapa ba tšoenyehile
• Noa joala bo bongata haholo (ho noa seno se fetang 1 ka letsatsi bakeng sa basali le lino tse fetang tse 2 ka letsatsi bakeng sa banna)
• Ja letsoai le lengata
• Eba le nalane ea lelapa ea khatello e phahameng ea mali
• E-ba le lefu la tsoekere
• Mosi

Boholo ba nako, ha ho na lebaka la khatello e phahameng ea mali le fumanoang. Sena se bitsoa khatello ea meriana ea bohlokoa.

Khatello ea mali e phahameng e bakoang ke boemo bo bong ba bongaka kapa moriana oo u o sebelisang o bitsoa khatello ea meriana ea bobeli. Matšoao a phahameng a khatello ea kelello a ka bakoa ke:

• Lefu le sa foleng la liphio
• Mathata a adrenal gland (joalo ka pheochromocytoma kapa Cushing syndrome)
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Bokhachane kapa preeclampsia
• Meriana e kang lipilisi tsa thibelo ea bokhachane, lipilisi tsa phepo, meriana e meng e batang, migraine, corticosteroids, li-antipsychotic le meriana e meng e sebelisetsoang ho alafa mofetše
• Mothapo o mosesane o fanang ka mali ho liphio (renal artery stenosis)
• Ho thibela ho phomola ha boroko (OSA)

Boholo ba nako, ha ho na matšoao. Bakeng sa batho ba bangata, khatello e phahameng ea mali e fumanoa ha ba etela mofani oa bona oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo kapa ba ea hlahlojoa kae kapa kae.

Hobane ha ho na matšoao, batho ba ka ba le lefu la pelo le mathata a liphio ba sa tsebe hore ba na le khatello e phahameng ea mali.

Malignant hypertension ke mofuta o kotsi oa khatello e phahameng ea mali. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho tšoaroa ke hlooho e bohloko
• Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• Pherekano
• Pono ea fetoha
• Ho tsoa mali

Ho lemoha khatello e phahameng ea mali kapele ho ka thusa ho thibela lefu la pelo, stroke, mathata a mahlo le mafu a sa foleng a liphio.

Mofani oa hau o tla lekanya khatello ea mali ea hau makhetlo a mangata pele a u fumana hore o na le khatello e phahameng ea mali. Ho tloaelehile hore khatello ea mali ea hau e fapane ho latela nako ea letsatsi.

Batho bohle ba baholo ba fetang lilemo tse 18 ba lokela ho hlahlojoa khatello ea mali selemo se seng le se seng. Ho ka hlokahala litekanyo tse ngata khafetsa bakeng sa ba nang le nalane ea ho bala khatello ea mali e phahameng kapa ba nang le mabaka a kotsi a khatello e phahameng ea mali.

Ho baloa ha khatello ea mali e nkiloeng hae e ka ba mohato o betere oa khatello ea hau ea mali ho feta tse nkuoeng ofising ea mofani oa thepa ea hau.

• Etsa bonnete ba hore o fumana leihlo la boleng bo holimo le le loketseng mali a lapeng. E lokela ho ba le cuff ea boholo bo lekaneng le ho bala ha dijithale.
• Itloaetse le mofani oa hau ho etsa bonnete ba hore o nka khatello ea mali ea hau ka nepo.
• U lokela ho phutholoha le ho lula fatše metsotso e 'maloa pele u bala.
• Tlisa litebelisoa tsa hau tsa lehae ho baemeli ba hau e le hore mofani oa hau a ka netefatsa hore e sebetsa hantle.

Mofani oa hau o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele ho sheba matšoao a lefu la pelo, tšenyo ea mahlo le liphetoho tse ling' meleng oa hau.

Liteko li kanna tsa etsoa ho batla:

• Lebelo le phahameng la k'holeseterole
• Lefu la pelo, ho sebelisa liteko tse kang echocardiogram kapa electrocardiogram
• Lefu la liphio, ho sebelisoa liteko tse kang karolo ea mantlha ea metabolic le urinalysis kapa ultrasound ea liphio

Morero oa kalafo ke ho fokotsa khatello ea mali e le hore o be le monyetla o tlase oa ho ba le mathata a bophelo bo botle a bakoang ke khatello e phahameng ea mali. Uena le mofani oa thepa ea hau le lokela ho ipehela pakane ea khatello ea mali.

Nako le nako ha u nahana ka kalafo e nepahetseng bakeng sa khatello e phahameng ea mali, uena le mofani oa hau le tlameha ho nahana ka lintlha tse ling tse kang:

• Lilemo tsa hau
• Meriana eo u e nkang
• Kotsi ea litla-morao ho tsoa meriana e ka bang teng
• Maemo a mang a bongaka ao u ka bang le ona, joalo ka nalane ea lefu la pelo, stroke, mathata a liphio kapa lefu la tsoekere

Haeba khatello ea mali e pakeng tsa 120/80 le 130/80 mm Hg, o phahamisitse khatello ea mali.

• Mofani oa hau o tla khothaletsa liphetoho tsa bophelo ho tlisa khatello ea mali ea hau maemong a tloaelehileng.
• Meriana ha e sebelisoe hangata mohatong ona.

Haeba khatello ea mali e phahame ho feta 130/80, empa e le tlase ho 140/90 mm Hg, o na le Stage 1 khatello e phahameng ea mali. Ha u nahana ka kalafo e nepahetseng, uena le mofani oa hau le lokela ho nahana:

• Haeba u sena maloetse a mang kapa mabaka a kotsi, mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa liphetoho tsa bophelo mme a pheta litekanyo kamora likhoeli tse 'maloa.
• Haeba khatello ea mali ea hau e lula e le kaholimo ho 130/80, empa e le tlase ho 140/90 mm Hg, mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa meriana ho alafa khatello e phahameng ea mali.
• Haeba u na le maloetse a mang kapa mabaka a kotsi, mofani oa hau a ka ba le monyetla oa ho qala meriana ka nako e ts'oanang le liphetoho tsa bophelo.

Haeba khatello ea mali e phahame ho feta 140/90 mm Hg, o na le Stage 2 khatello e phahameng ea mali. Mofani oa hau o tla u qala ka meriana mme a khothaletse liphetoho tsa bophelo.

Pele mofani oa mofani oa hau a etsa tlhahlobo ea ho qetela ea khatello ea mali e phahameng kapa khatello e phahameng ea mali, o lokela ho u kopa hore khatello ea mali ea hau e lekanyetsoe lapeng, khemising ea hau, kapa kae kapa kae kantle ho ofisi kapa sepetlele.

BOPHELO BOPHELO

U ka etsa lintho tse ngata ho thusa ho laola khatello ea mali, ho kenyelletsa:

• Ja lijo tse matlafatsang pelo, ho kenyelletsa potasiamo le faeba.
• Noa metsi a mangata.
• Fumana bonyane boikoetliso bo matla ho isa ho metsotso e 40 bonyane matsatsi a 3 ho isa ho a mane ka beke.
• Haeba u tsuba, tlohela.
• Fokotsa hore na u noa joala bo bokae ho noa seno se le seng ka letsatsi bakeng sa basali, le 2 ka letsatsi bakeng sa banna kapa ka tlase.
• Fokotsa palo ea sodium (letsoai) eo u e jang. Ikemisetsa ka tlase ho 1,500 mg ka letsatsi.
• Fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo. Leka ho qoba lintho tse u bakelang khatello ea maikutlo, 'me u leke ho thuisa kapa yoga ho fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo.
• Lula boima ba 'mele bo phetseng hantle.

Mofani oa hau a ka u thusa ho fumana mananeo a ho theola boima ba 'mele, ho emisa ho tsuba le ho ikoetlisa.

U ka boela ua fetisetsoa ho setsebi sa phepo e nepahetseng, se ka u thusang ho rera lijo tse u loketseng.

Khatello ea mali ea hau e lokela ho ba tlase hakae le hore na o hloka ho qala kalafo maemong afe, ho latela lilemo tsa hau le mathata afe kapa afe a bongaka ao u nang le ona.

LITLHAKU TSE MOTSOALLE

Boholo ba nako, mofani oa hau o tla leka liphetoho tsa bophelo pele, mme a hlahlobe khatello ea mali ea hau makhetlo a mabeli kapa ho feta. Meriana e kanna ea qalisoa haeba ho baloa ha khatello ea mali ea hau ho lula kapa holimo ho maemo ana:

• Nomoro e holimo (khatello ea systolic) ea ba 130 kapa ho feta
• Nomoro e tlase (khatello ea diastolic) ea 80 kapa ho feta

Haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere, mathata a pelo, kapa nalane ea stroke, meriana e ka qalisoa ha u bala khatello ea mali e tlase. Matšoao a khatello ea mali a sebelisoang haholo ho batho ba nang le mathata ana a bongaka a ka tlase ho 120 ho isa ho 130/80 mm Hg.

Ho na le meriana e mengata e fapaneng ea ho alafa khatello e phahameng ea mali.

• Khafetsa, sethethefatsi se le seng sa khatello ea mali se kanna sa lekana ho laola khatello ea mali, mme o kanna oa hloka ho sebelisa lithethefatsi tse peli kapa ho feta.
• Ho bohlokoa haholo hore u noe meriana eo u e filoeng.
• Haeba u na le litla-morao, ngaka ea hau e ka nka sebaka sa moriana o fapaneng.

Boholo ba nako, khatello e phahameng ea mali e ka laoloa ka phetoho ea bongaka le ea bophelo.

Ha khatello ea mali e sa laoloe hantle, o kotsing ea:

• Ho tsoa mali ho tsoa aorta, methapo e meholo ea mali e fanang ka mali mpeng, pelvis le maotong
• Lefu le sa foleng la liphio
• Lefu la pelo le ho hloleha ha pelo
• Phepelo e fokolang ea mali maotong
• Mathata ka pono ea hau
• Leqeba

Haeba u na le khatello e phahameng ea mali, u tla hlahlojoa khafetsa le mofani oa thepa ea hau.

Le ha o so fumanoe o na le khatello e phahameng ea mali, ho bohlokoa hore khatello ea mali ea hau e hlahlojoe nakong ea tlhahlobo ea hau e tloaelehileng, haholo haeba motho e mong lelapeng la hau a na le khatello ea mali e phahameng kapa a na le eona.

Bitsa mofani oa hau hang-hang haeba tlhahlobo ea lapeng e bontša hore khatello ea mali ea hau e ntse e le holimo.

Batho ba bangata ba ka thibela khatello e phahameng ea mali hore e se ke ea etsahala ka ho latela mekhoa ea bophelo e etselitsoeng ho theola khatello ea mali.

Khatello ea kelello; HBP

• ACE inhibitors
• Angioplasty le stent - pelo - lero
• Lithethefatsi tsa antiplatelet - P2Y12 inhibitors
• Aspirin le lefu la pelo
• Botoro, majarine le oli ea ho pheha
• Cholesterol le mokhoa oa bophelo
• Ho laola khatello ea mali e phahameng
• Tlhokomelo ea lefu la tsoekere
• Lefu la tsoekere - ho thibela lefu la pelo le stroke
• Lefu la tsoekere - ho hlokomela maoto a hau
• Ho hlahlojoa le ho hlahlojoa ke lefu la tsoekere
• Ho hlalositsoe mafura a phepo
• Malebela a lijo tse potlakileng
• Lefu la pelo - ho tsoa
• Lefu la pelo - lisosa tse kotsi
• Ho hloleha ha pelo - ho tsoa
• Ho hloleha ha pelo - maro le diuretics
• Ho hloleha ha pelo - ho lekola ntlo
• Ho hloleha ha pelo - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Khatello ea mali e phahameng - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Mokhoa oa ho bala mangolo a lijo
• Cardioverter defibrillator e ka kenngoang - ho tsoa
• Ho tlosoa ha liphio - ho tsoa
• Lijo tse nang le letsoai le tlase
• Lijo tsa Mediterranean
• Mofuta oa 2 oa lefu la tsoekere - o ka botsa ngaka ea hau eng

• Ho lekola khatello ea mali
• Ho sa phekolehe khatello ea meriana
• Liphetoho bophelong
• Ja lijo
• Liteko tsa khatello e phahameng ea mali
• Ho hlahloba khatello ea mali
• Khatello ea mali

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