Mokhoa oa ho khetholla le ho phekola lekhopho la lithethefatsi

Litaba

• Ho phatloha ha lithethefatsi ke eng?
• Makhopho a lithethefatsi a shebahala joang?
• Li-rashes tse ngata
• Li-urticarial rashes
• Liketso tsa photosensitivity
• Erythroderma
• Lefu la Stevens-Johnson (SJS) le chefo ea epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
• Letlalo le bakoang ke li-anticoagulant necrosis
• Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le eosinophilia le matšoao a systemic (DRESS)
• Hobaneng ha ho hlaha lihlahala tsa lithethefatsi?
• Likokoana-hloko tsa lithethefatsi li phekoloa joang?
• Pono ke efe?

Ho phatloha ha lithethefatsi ke eng?

Ho phatloha ha lithethefatsi, ka linako tse ling ho bitsoang ho phatloha ha lithethefatsi, ke karabelo eo letlalo la hao le ka bang le eona ho lithethefatsi tse ling.

Hoo e batlang e le lithethefatsi tse ling li ka baka lekhopho. Empa lithibela-mafu (haholo-holo penicillin le lithethefatsi tsa sulfa), li-NSAID, le lithethefatsi tse loantšang ho tšoaroa ke lithethefatsi tse atileng haholo ho baka lekhopho.

Bala pele ho ithuta haholoanyane ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlahala tsa lithethefatsi le hore na u ka li laola joang.

Makhopho a lithethefatsi a shebahala joang?

Boholo ba maqhubu a lithethefatsi a ts'oana. Sena se bolela hore li hlaha li tšoana likarolong tse peli tsa 'mele oa hau.

Litlhaku tsa lithethefatsi le tsona ha li atise ho baka matšoao a mang ntle le chebahalo ea tsona, leha tse ling li tsamaea le ho hlohlona kapa bonolo.

Hangata o ka arola ho phatloha ha lithethefatsi le li-rashes tse ling hobane li tloaelana le ho qala sethethefatsi se secha. Empa maemong a mang, ho ka nka sethethefatsi ho fihlela libeke tse peli ho baka lekhopho.

Hangata lekhopho lea nyamela hang ha o khaotsa ho noa moriana.

Mona ke tse ling tsa lihlahala tse atileng haholo tsa lithethefatsi.

Li-rashes tse ngata

Ona ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa lekhopho la lithethefatsi, le etsang liperesente tse 90 tsa linyeoe. E tšoauoa ka liso tse nyane letlalong le bofubelu. Liso tsena li ka phahamisoa kapa tsa bata. Ka linako tse ling, o kanna oa bona li-blisters le liso tse tlatsitsoeng ke boladu.

Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tsa likhahla tse mpe tsa lithethefatsi li kenyelletsa:

• penicillin
• lithethefatsi tsa sulfa
• cephalosporins
• Lithethefatsi tse khahlanong le ho inkela
• allopurinol

Li-urticarial rashes

Urticaria ke lentsoe le leng bakeng sa hives. Hives ke mofuta oa bobeli o tloaelehileng oa lekhopho la lithethefatsi. Ke makukuno a masesane a maputsoa a manyane a boputsoa a ka etsang matheba a maholo. Hives hangata le tsona lia hlohlona.

Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tsa likokoana-hloko tsa lithethefatsi li kenyelletsa:

• lithethefatsi tse seng anti-inflammatory (li-NSAID)
• ACE inhibitors
• lithibela-mafu, haholo-holo penicillin
• li-anesthetics tse akaretsang

Liketso tsa photosensitivity

Lithethefatsi tse ling li ka etsa hore letlalo la hao le mamele khanya ea mahlaseli a kotsi. Sena se ka baka ho chesoa ke letsatsi ha u ea kantle ntle le tšireletso e nepahetseng.

Lithethefatsi tse atisang ho ba le photosensitivity li kenyelletsa:

• lithibela-mafu tse ling, ho kenyeletsoa le tetracycline
• lithethefatsi tsa sulfa
• dithibela-mafu
• li-antihistamine
• li-retinoids, joalo ka isotretinoin
• liemahale
• diuretics
• li-NSAID tse ling

Erythroderma

Mofuta ona o baka hoo e batlang e le letlalo lohle hore le hlohlone le be khubelu. Letlalo le kanna la hola ka sekhahla mme la utloa le chesa ha le ts'oaroa. Feberu le eona e kanna ea hlaha.

Lithethefatsi tse ngata li ka baka erythroderma, ho kenyelletsa:

• lithethefatsi tsa sulfa
• penicillin
• Lithethefatsi tse khahlanong le ho inkela
• chloroquine
• allopurinol
• isoniazid

Boemo ba mantlha ba bophelo bo botle le bona bo ka baka erythroderma.

Erythroderma e ka ba kotsi mme ea beha bophelo kotsing. Batla tlhokomelo ea bongaka hanghang haeba u nahana hore ona ke mofuta oa lekhopho leo u nang le lona.

Lefu la Stevens-Johnson (SJS) le chefo ea epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

SJS le TEN li nkuoa e le boemo bo ts'oanang, empa ho na le phapang e nyane lipakeng tsa tsena tse peli:

• SJS e kenyelletsa karolo e ka tlase ho 10 lekholong ea 'mele.
• TEN e kenyelletsa karolo e fetang 30 lekholong ea 'mele.

SJS le TEN li tšoauoa ka machachetsi a maholo, a bohloko. Li ka baka libaka tse kholo tsa karolo e kaholimo ea letlalo la hau hore li tlohe, li siee liso tse tala, tse bulehileng.

Lisosa tse tloaelehileng tse amanang le lithethefatsi li kenyelletsa:

• lithethefatsi tsa sulfa
• Lithethefatsi tse khahlanong le ho inkela
• li-NSAID tse ling
• allopurinol
• nevirapine

SJS le TEN ke liketso tse tebileng tse ka behang bophelo kotsing. Ka bobeli li hloka tlhokomelo ea meriana hanghang.

Letlalo le bakoang ke li-anticoagulant necrosis

Li-thinner tse ling tsa mali, joalo ka warfarin, li ka baka letlalo le bakoang ke anticoagulant. Sena se etsa hore letlalo le be le lefubelu le bohloko.

Qetellong, lisele tse ka tlas'a letlalo lia shoa. Hangata ho etsahala feela qalong ea ho noa mali a fokolang haholo.

Anticoagulant-induced skin necrosis ke karabelo e tebileng e hlokang tlhokomelo ea bongaka hanghang.

Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi le eosinophilia le matšoao a systemic (DRESS)

MOAPARO ke mofuta o sa tloaelehang oa lekhopho la lithethefatsi le ka behang bophelo ba hau kotsing. Ho ka nka libeke tse peli ho isa ho tse tšeletseng hore matšoao a hlahe kamora ho qala sethethefatsi se secha.

LEBAKA la seaparo le shebahala le le lefubelu 'me hangata le qala sefahlehong le' meleng o kaholimo. Matšoao a tsamaeang le ona a matla ebile a ka kenyelletsa litho tsa ka hare. Li kenyeletsa:

• feberu
• li-lymph nodes tse ruruhileng
• ho ruruha hoa sefahleho
• bohloko bo tukang le letlalo le hlohlona
• matšoao a kang a sefuba
• tshenyo ya setho

Lithethefatsi tse ka bakang BOTSOA li kenyeletsa:

• li-anticonvulsants
• allopurinol
• abacavir
• minocycline
• sulfasalazine
• proton pump pump inhibitors

MOAPARO ke karabelo e tebileng e hlokang tlhokomelo ea bongaka hanghang.

Hobaneng ha ho hlaha lihlahala tsa lithethefatsi?

Ho phatloha ha lithethefatsi le liphetoho li etsahala ka mabaka a 'maloa, ho kenyelletsa:

• ho itšoara hampe
• moriana o mongata o bakang chefo letlalong
• sethethefatsi se etsang hore letlalo le be bonolo ho feta mahlaseli a letsatsi
• ho sebelisana ha lithethefatsi tse peli kapa ho feta

Ka linako tse ling lihlahala tsa lithethefatsi li ka itlela feela 'me tsa hola ntle ho lebaka.

Lintho tse ling li ka eketsa menyetla ea ho ba le lekhopho la lithethefatsi, joalo ka ho ba moholo le mosali.

Mabaka a mang a kotsi a kenyelletsa ho ba le:

• tšoaetso ea vaerase le ho nka lithibela-mafu
• sesole sa mmele se fokolang ka baka la boemo bo itseng kapa sethethefatsi se seng
• mofetše

Likokoana-hloko tsa lithethefatsi li phekoloa joang?

Maemong a mangata, lihlaha tsa lithethefatsi li ea itsamaela hang ha o emisa ho noa setlhare se bakileng lekhopho la hao.

Haeba lekhopho le hlohlona haholo, antihistamine kapa steroid ea molomo e ka thusa ho laola ho hlohlona ho fihlela lekhopho le hlaka.

Kamehla bua le ngaka pele u khaotsa sethethefatsi. Sena ke sa bohlokoa ka ho khetheha hobane u noa lithethefatsi tse ngata. Tabeng ena, ngaka ea hau e tla u latela leano le ikhethileng la ho tlohela setlhare se seng le se seng ho fihlela u fumana se bakang karabelo.

Haeba u na le urticaria e matla, erythroderma, SJS / TEN, necrosis e bakoang ke lefu la anticoagulant, kapa DRESS, u tla hloka kalafo e matla. Sena se ka kenyelletsa li-steroid tse kenang methapong le hydration.

Pono ke efe?

Maemong a mangata, lekhopho la lithethefatsi ha se ntho e tšoenyang. Hangata lia hlaka hang ha o khaotsa ho noa moriana. Etsa bonnete ba hore u tla buisana le ngaka ea hau pele u khaotsa ho sebelisa lithethefatsi.

Bakeng sa matšoao a ho phatloha ho matla ha lithethefatsi, ea tlhokomelo e potlakileng kapa sepetlele kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ho qoba mathata.