Hypocalcemia (Mafu a Khaello ea calcium)
Litaba
- Ke eng e bakang hypocalcemia?
- Matšoao a hypocalcemia ke afe?
- Lefu la khaello ea calcium le fumanoa joang?
- Hypocalcemia ea bongoana
- Hypocalcemia e phekoloa joang?
- Ke mathata afe a ka bang teng ha hypocalcemia?
- Hypocalcemia e ka thibeloa joang?
- Vithamine D
- Liphetoho bophelong
Re kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tseo re nahanang hore li na le thuso ho babali ba rona. Haeba u reka ka lihokela tse leqepheng lena, re ka fumana khomishene e nyane. Ts'ebetso ea rona ke ena.
Lefu la khaello ea calcium ke lefe?
Calcium ke diminerale ea bohlokoa. 'Mele oa hau o e sebelisa ho aha masapo le meno a matla. Calcium e boetse e hlokahala bakeng sa pelo ea hau le mesifa e meng hore e sebetse hantle. Ha o sa fumane calcium e lekaneng, o eketsa menyetla ea ho ba le mathata a kang:
- lefu la ho fokola ha masapo
- osteopenia
- lefu la khaello ea calcium (hypocalcemia)
Bana ba sa fumaneng calcium e lekaneng ba ka 'na ba se ke ba hola ka botlalo ha ba se ba le baholo.
U lokela ho ja khalsiamo e khothalletsoang ka letsatsi ka lijo tseo u li jang, li-supplement kapa livithamini.
Ke eng e bakang hypocalcemia?
Batho ba bangata ba kotsing e kholo ea khaello ea calcium ha ba ntse ba tsofala. Ho haella hona ho ka bakoa ke mabaka a fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa:
- ho ja calcium e fokolang ka nako e telele, haholo bongoaneng
- meriana e ka fokotsang ho monya calcium
- ho se mamellane ha lijo ho nang le calcium e ngata
- liphetoho hormonal, haholo-holo ho basali
- mabaka a itseng a lefutso
Ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa phepo e nepahetseng ea calcium ka lilemo tsohle.
Bakeng sa bana le bacha, likhaello tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa khalsiamo lia tšoana ho banna le basali. Ho latela National Institutes of Health (NIH), meputso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ke:
Sehlopha sa lilemo | Kabelo ea lijo ea letsatsi le letsatsi (RDA) |
Bana, lilemo tse 9-18 | 1,300 mg |
Bana, lilemo tse 4-8 | 1,000 mg |
Bana, lilemo tse 1-3 | 700 mg |
Bana, likhoeli tse 7-12 | 260 mg |
Bana, likhoeli tse 0-6 | 200 mg |
Ho latela mmuso oa U.S., litlhoko tsa khalsiamo bakeng sa batho ba baholo ke:
Sehlopha | Kabelo ea lijo ea letsatsi le letsatsi (RDA) |
Basali, lilemo tse 71 ho ea holimo | 1,200 mg |
Basali, lilemo tse 51-70 | 1,200 mg |
Basali, lilemo tse 31-50 | 1,000 mg |
Basali, lilemo tse 19-30 | 1,000 mg |
Banna, lilemo tse 71 ho ea holimo | 1,200 mg |
Banna, lilemo tse 51-70 | 1,000 mg |
Banna, lilemo tse 31-50 | 1,000 mg |
Banna, lilemo tse 19-30 | 1,000 mg |
Basali ba hloka ho eketsa khalsiamo ea bona pejana bophelong ho feta banna, ho qala lilemong tse bohareng. Ho fihlela tlhoko ea calcium e hlokahalang ho bohlokoa haholo ha mosali a le haufi le ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli.
Nakong ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli, basali le bona ba lokela ho eketsa khalsiamo ea bona ho fokotsa kotsi ea lefu la masapo le lefu la khaello ea khalsiamo. Ho fokotseha ha hormone estrogen nakong ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli ho etsa hore masapo a mosali a fokotsehe kapele.
Boloetse ba li-hormone hypoparathyroidism bo ka baka lefu la khaello ea calcium. Batho ba nang le boemo bona ha ba hlahise hormone e lekaneng ea parathyroid, e laolang maemo a calcium maling.
Lisosa tse ling tsa hypocalcemia li kenyelletsa khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng le malabsorption. Khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng ke ha o sa fumane limatlafatsi tse lekaneng, athe malabsorption ke ha 'mele oa hau o sitoa ho monya livithamini le liminerale tseo o li hlokang lijong tseo o li jang. Lisosa tse ling li kenyelletsa:
- maemo a tlase a vithamine D, a etsang hore ho be thata ho monya calcium
- meriana, phenytoin e joalo, phenobarbital, rifampin, corticosteroids, le lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho alafa maemo a phahameng a khalsiamo
- ho fokola ha masapo
- hypermagnesemia le hypomagnesemia
- hyperphosphatemia
- ts'oaetso ea septic
- litšelo tse kholo tsa mali
- renal hloleha
- lithethefatsi tse itseng tsa chemotherapy
- "Hungry bone syndrome," e ka hlahang kamora ho buuoa ka hyperparathyroidism
- ho tlosa lisele tsa tšoelesa ea parathyroid e le karolo ea ho buuoa ho tlosa tšoelesa ea qoqotho
Haeba u hloloheloa khalsiamo ea hau ea letsatsi le letsatsi, u ke ke ua haelloa ke calcium bosiu bo le bong. Empa ho ntse ho le bohlokoa ho etsa boiteko ba ho fumana calcium e lekaneng letsatsi le letsatsi, kaha 'mele o e sebelisa kapele. Lijana li na le monyetla oa ho haelloa ke calcium kapele hobane ha li je lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse nang le calcium.
Khaello ea calcium e ke ke ea hlahisa matšoao a nako e khuts'oane hobane 'mele o boloka maemo a calcium ka ho e nka ka kotloloho masapong. Empa likhalsiamo tsa nako e telele tse tlase li ka ba le litlamorao tse mpe.
Matšoao a hypocalcemia ke afe?
Ho haelloa ke khalsiamo ha nako ea pele ho ka se bake matšoao. Leha ho le joalo, matšoao a tla hlaha ha boemo bo ntse bo tsoela pele.
Matšoao a matla a hypocalcemia a kenyelletsa:
- pherekano kapa tahlehelo ea mohopolo
- mesifa
- ho shoa bohatsu le ho hlohlona matsohong, maotong le sefahlehong
- ho tepella maikutlo
- lipono
- mesifa ya mesifa
- manala a fokolang le a robehang habonolo
- masapo a robehang habonolo
Ho haella ha calcium ho ka ama likarolo tsohle tsa 'mele, ho baka manala a fokolang, kholo ea moriri o liehang, le letlalo le fokolang, le lesesane.
Calcium le eona e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lokollong ha methapo ea kutlo le ho honyela ha mesifa. Ka hona, ho haelloa ke khalsiamo ho ka tlisa ho oela ho batho ba seng ba phetse hantle.
Haeba u qala ho ba le matšoao a methapo ea kutlo joaloka ho lahleheloa ke mohopolo, ho ba shohlo le ho hlohlona, ho bona lintho tse iqapetsoeng, kapa ho oa, etsa kopano ea ho bona ngaka kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.
Lefu la khaello ea calcium le fumanoa joang?
Ikopanye le ngaka ea hau haeba u na le matšoao a lefu la khaello ea calcium. Ba tla hlahloba nalane ea hau ea bongaka 'me ba u botse ka nalane ea lelapa ea khaello ea calcium le lefu la masapo.
Haeba ngaka ea hau e belaella khaello ea calcium, ba tla nka sampole ea mali ho lekola boemo ba calcium ea mali. Ngaka ea hau e tla lekanya khalsiamo ea hau kaofela, albin ea hau, le calcium ea hau "mahala". Albumin ke protheine e tlamang khalsiamo ebe e e tsamaisa ka mali. Maemo a khalsiamo a ts'ehetsoeng maling a hau a ka tiisa ho fumanoa ha lefu la khaello ea calcium.
Maemo a tloaelehileng a khalsiamo bakeng sa batho ba baholo a ka tloha ho limiligrama tse 8,8 ho isa ho tse 10,4 ka desilitara (mg / dL), ho latela Merck Manual. U kanna oa ba kotsing ea lefu la khaello ea calcium haeba khalsiamo ea hau e le ka tlase ho 8.8 mg / dL. Bana le bacha hangata ba na le maemo a phahameng a khalsiamo ea mali ho feta batho ba baholo.
Hypocalcemia ea bongoana
Neonatal hypocalcemia e hlaha ho masea nakoana kamora ho hlaha. Maemo a mangata a hypocalcemia ea neonatal a hlaha matsatsing a mabeli a pele ka mor'a ho hlaha. Empa hypocalcemia ea morao-rao e ka hlaha matsatsi a mararo kamora ho hlaha, kapa hamorao.
Lisosa tse kotsi bakeng sa masea li kenyelletsa ho ba nyane bakeng sa lilemo tsa bona le lefu la tsoekere la bo-mme. Hypocalcemia ea morao-rao hangata e bakoa ke ho noa lebese la khomo kapa lebese le nang le phosphate e ngata haholo.
Matšoao a hypocalcemia ea bokhachane a kenyelletsa:
- ho qhekella
- ho fepa hampe
- sethoathoa
- ho koaleha moea ka nakoana, kapa ho hema butle
- tachycardia, kapa ka lebelo le fetang la ho otla ha pelo ho tloaelehileng
Ho hlahlojoa ho etsoa ka ho hlahloba mali a lesea bakeng sa kakaretso ea calcium kapa ionized calcium. Tekanyo ea tsoekere ea lesea e tla hlahlojoa hape ho ntša hypoglycemia.
Kalafo hangata e kenyelletsa ho fana ka methapo ea calcium gluconate e lateloang ke matsatsi a 'maloa a li-supplement tsa calcium tsa molomo.
Hypocalcemia e phekoloa joang?
Ho ba bonolo ho phekola khaello ea calcium. Hangata ho kenyelletsa ho eketsa khalsiamo e ngata lijong tsa hau.
U se ke ua iphekola ka ho nka litlatsetso tse ngata tsa calcium. Ho nka ho feta tekanyetso e khothalelitsoeng ntle le tumello ea ngaka ea hau ho ka lebisa ho mathata a tebileng joalo ka majoe a liphio.
Lisebelisoa tse atisang ho khothaletsoa tsa calcium li kenyelletsa:
- calcium carbonate, e theko e tlase haholo ebile e na le calcium ea mantlha
- calcium citrate, e kenang habonolo
- calcium phosphate, eo hape e monyang habonolo ebile ha e bake ho bipetsoa
Lisebelisoa tsa calcium li fumaneha ka mefuta e mokelikeli, matlapa le mefuta e ka hlajoang.
Reka lisebelisoa tsa calcium.
Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore meriana e meng e ka sebelisana hampe le litlatsetso tsa calcium. Meriana ena e kenyelletsa:
- khatello ea mali beta-blockers e kang atenolol, e ka fokotsang ho monya calcium ha e nkuoa nakong ea lihora tse peli tsa ho noa li-supplement tsa calcium
- li-antacids tse nang le aluminium, tse ka eketsang maemo a mali a aluminium
- k'holeseterole-e theola li-sequestrants tsa bile acid tse kang colestipol, e ka fokotsang ho monya calcium le ho eketsa tahlehelo ea calcium ka morong
- meriana ea estrogen, e ka tlatsetsang keketsehong ea maemo a mali a calcium
- digoxin, kaha maemo a phahameng a calcium a ka eketsa chefo ea digoxin
- diuretics, e ka eketsang maemo a calcium (hydrochlorothiazide) kapa ea fokotsa maemo a calcium maling (furosemide)
- lithibela-mafu tse ling tse kang fluoroquinolones le tetracyclines, eo monyako oa eona o ka fokotsoang ke li-supplement tsa calcium
Ka linako tse ling liphetoho tsa lijo le li-supplement ha li lekane ho phekola khaello ea calcium. Tabeng ena, ngaka ea hau e kanna ea batla ho laola maemo a calcium ea hau ka ho u fa liente tsa calcium khafetsa.
U ka lebella ho bona liphetho nakong ea libeke tse 'maloa tsa pele tsa kalafo. Maemo a matla a lefu la khaello ea khalsiamo a tla beoa leihlo likhoeling tse le 'ngoe ho isa ho tse tharo.
Ke mathata afe a ka bang teng ha hypocalcemia?
Mathata a bakoang ke lefu la khaello ea khalsiamo a kenyelletsa tšenyo ea mahlo, ho otla ha pelo ka tsela e sa tloaelehang le lefu la masapo.
Mathata a tsoang ho osteoporosis a kenyelletsa:
- bokooa
- ho robeha ha mokokotlo kapa ho robeha hoa masapo a mang
- ho thatafalloa ke ho tsamaea
Haeba e sa alafatsoe, lefu la khaello ea calcium le ka qetella le bolaile.
Hypocalcemia e ka thibeloa joang?
U ka thibela lefu la khaello ea khalsiamo ka ho kenyelletsa khalsiamo lijong tsa hau letsatsi le letsatsi.
Hlokomela hore lijo tse nang le calcium e ngata, joalo ka lihlahisoa tsa lebese, le tsona li ka ba le mafura a mangata le mafura. Khetha likhetho tse se nang mafura kapa mafura ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho ba le k'holeseterole e ngata le lefu la pelo.
U ka fumana 1/4 ho isa ho 1/3 ea RDA ea calcium ea hau ka ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe ea limilone le li yogurt. Ho ea ka, lijo tse ling tse nang le calcium e kenyelletsa:
Lijo | Boholo ba boholo ba tšebeletso | Palo ea khalsiamo ka ho sebeletsa |
Sardine (ka oli) | 3.75 oz. | 351 mg |
Salmone (pinki, makotikoting, le masapo) | 3 oz. | 183 mg |
Tofu e matlafalitsoeng (e tloaelehileng, eseng e tiileng) | 1/3 senoelo | 434 mg |
Edamame (leqhoa) | 1 senoelo | 71-98 mg |
Linaoa tse tšoeu | 1 senoelo | 161 mg |
Meroho ea Collard (pheha) | 1 senoelo | 268 mg |
Broccoli (pheha) | 1 senoelo | 62 mg |
Lifeiga (tse omisitsoeng) | Lifeiga tse 5 | 68 mg |
Jusi ea lamunu e matlafalitsoeng | 1 senoelo | 364 mg |
Bohobe ba koro | Selae se le seng | 36 mg |
Ha o ntse o fihlella tlhoko ea hau ea calcium e bohlokoa haholo, o boetse o batla ho etsa bonnete ba hore ha o fumane haholo. Ho ea ka Mayo Clinic, meeli e holimo ea khalsiamo e kenang limiligrama (mg) bakeng sa batho ba baholo ke:
- 2,000 mg ka letsatsi bakeng sa banna le basali ba lilemo li 51 ho ea holimo
- 2,500 mg ka letsatsi bakeng sa banna le basali ba lilemo li 19 ho isa ho tse 50
U kanna ua batla ho tlatselletsa lijo tsa hau ka ho nka multivitamin. Kapa ngaka ea hau e ka khothaletsa litlatsetso haeba u le kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le khaello ea calcium.
Li-multivitamine li kanna tsa se na calcium eohle eo o e hlokang, ka hona etsa bonnete ba hore o ja lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng. Haeba u imme, nka vithamine ea bakhachane.
Vithamine D
Vithamine D e bohlokoa hobane e eketsa sekhahla sa calcium e kenang maling a hau. Botsa ngaka ea hau hore na u hloka vithamine D e kae.
Ho eketsa khalsiamo ea hau, o ka eketsa lijo tse nang le vithamine D e ngata lijong tsa hau. Tsena li kenyelletsa:
- litlhapi tse mafura joaloka salmon le tuna
- lero la lamunu le nang le liqhobosheane
- lebese le tiisitsoeng
- li-mushroom tsa portobello
- mahe
Joalo ka lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse nang le calcium, lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lebese tse nang le vithamine D le tsona li ka ba le mafura a mangata.
Khanya ea letsatsi e etsa hore 'mele oa hau o etse vithamine D, ka hona ho pepesehela letsatsi khafetsa ho ka thusa ho matlafatsa maemo a hau a vithamine D.
Liphetoho bophelong
Ntle le ho boloka maemo a phetseng hantle a calcium le vithamine D, ho na le liphetoho tse itseng bophelong tseo u ka li etsang ho khothaletsa bophelo bo botle ba masapo. Tsena li kenyelletsa:
- ho boloka boima ba mmele o phetseng hantle
- ho ikoetlisa khafetsa
- ho thibela tšebeliso ea koae le ho noa joala