Boemo bo phahameng ba potasiamo

Tekanyo e phahameng ea potasiamo ke bothata boo palo ea potasiamo e maling e leng holimo ho feta e tloaelehileng. Lebitso la bongaka la boemo bona ke hyperkalemia.

Potassium e ea hlokahala hore lisele li sebetse hantle. U fumana potasiamo ka lijo. Liphio li tlosa potasiamo e feteletseng ka moroto ho boloka tekano e nepahetseng ea diminerale ena 'meleng.

Haeba liphio tsa hau li sa sebetse hantle, li kanna tsa se khone ho tlosa palo e nepahetseng ea potasiamo. Ka lebaka leo, potasiamo e ka haella maling. Sehahi sena se ka boela sa bakoa ke:

• Addison disease - Lefu moo litšoelesa tsa adrenal li sa etse lihormone tse lekaneng, li fokotsa bokhoni ba liphio ba ho tlosa potasiamo 'meleng
• Ho chesa libaka tse kholo tsa 'mele
• Khatello ea mali e theolelang lithethefatsi, hangata li-enzyme tse fetolang angiotensin (ACE) inhibitors le angiotensin receptor blockers
• Tšenyo ea mesifa le lisele tse ling tsa lithethefatsi tse ling tsa seterateng, tšebeliso e mpe ea joala, ho oa ntle le kalafo, ho buuoa, ho tsoa likotsi le ho oa, chemotherapy e itseng kapa mafu a itseng
• Mathata a etsang hore lisele tsa mali li phatlohe (hemolytic anemia)
• Ho tsoa mali a mangata mpeng kapa mala
• Ho nka potasiamo e eketsehileng, joalo ka lintho tse nkeloang letsoai kapa tse tlatsetsang
• Lihlahala

Hangata ha ho na matšoao a nang le potasiamo e phahameng. Ha matšoao a hlaha, a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho nyekeloa kapa ho hlatsa
• Ho phefumoloha ho thata
  
• Ho otla butle, ho fokola kapa ho sa tloaelehang
• Bohloko ba sefuba
  
• Liphetolelo
  
• Ho putlama ka tšohanyetso, ha ho otla ha pelo ho lieha haholo kapa ho emisa

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a botse ka matšoao a hau.

Liteko tse ka laeloang li kenyelletsa:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Tekanyo ea potasiamo ea mali

Mofani oa hau o kanna a lekola potassium ea mali a hau mme a etsa liteko tsa mali tsa liphio khafetsa haeba u:

• E laetsoe potasiamo e eketsehileng
• E-na le lefu la liphio la nako e telele (le sa foleng)
• Nka meriana ho alafa lefu la pelo kapa khatello e phahameng ea mali
• Sebelisa lintho tse nkeloang letsoai sebakeng

U tla hloka kalafo ea tšohanyetso haeba boemo ba hau ba potasiamo bo phahame haholo, kapa haeba u na le matšoao a kotsi, joalo ka liphetoho ho ECG ea hau.

Kalafo ea tšohanyetso e ka kenyelletsa:

• Calcium e fanoang methapong ea hau (IV) ho phekola mesifa le litlamorao tsa pelo tsa maemo a phahameng a potasiamo
• Tsoekere le insulin tse fuoang methapong ea hau (IV) ho thusa ho theola maemo a potasiamo nako e telele ho lekana ho lokisa sesosa
• Dialysis ea liphio haeba ts'ebetso ea liphio e le mpe
• Meriana e thusang ho tlosa potasiamo ka maleng pele e monyela
• Bicarbonate ea sodium haeba bothata bo bakoa ke acidosis
• Lipilisi tse ling tsa metsi (diuretics) tse eketsang phallo ea potasiamo ke liphio tsa hau

Liphetoho lijong tsa hau li ka thusa ho thibela le ho alafa maemo a phahameng a potasiamo. U ka kopuoa ho:

• Fokotsa kapa u qobe asparagus, li-avocado, litapole, tamati kapa mongobo oa langa le le lej, squash ea mariha, mokopu le spinach e phehiloeng
• Fokotsa kapa u qobe lilamunu le lero la lamunu, li-nectarine, kiwifruit, morara o omisitsoeng, kapa litholoana tse ling tse omisitsoeng, libanana, cantaloupe, honeydew, prunes le li-nectarine
• Fokotsa kapa u qobe ho nka lintho tse nkeloang sebaka sa letsoai haeba u kopuoa ho latela lijo tse letsoai le tlase

Mofani oa hau a ka etsa liphetoho tse latelang meriana ea hau:

• Fokotsa kapa emisa li-supplement tsa potasiamo
• Emisa kapa u fetole tekanyetso ea meriana eo u e sebelisang, joalo ka ea lefu la pelo le khatello e phahameng ea mali
• Nka mofuta o itseng oa pilisi ea metsi ho fokotsa maemo a potasiamo le mokelikeli haeba o na le ho hloleha ho sa foleng ha liphio

Latela litaelo tsa mofani oa hau ha u noa meriana ea hau:

• O SE KE WA emisa kapa oa qala ho noa meriana ntle le ho bua le mofani oa hau pele
• Nka meriana ea hau ka nako
• Bolella mofani oa hau ka meriana efe kapa efe, livithamini kapa li-supplement tseo u li nkang

Haeba sesosa se tsejoa, joalo ka potasiamo e ngata lijong, pono e ntle hang ha bothata bo lokisoa. Maemong a boima kapa a nang le mabaka a kotsi, potasiamo e phahameng e kanna ea khutla.

Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:

• Pelo e emisa ka tšohanyetso (ho ts'oaroa ha pelo)
• Bofokoli
• Ho hloleha ha liphio

Bitsa mofani oa hau hang-hang haeba u hlatsa, ho otloa ke pelo, bofokoli, kapa ho hema ka thata, kapa haeba u nka setlatse sa potasiamo 'me u na le matšoao a potasiamo e phahameng.

Hyperkalemia; Potasiamo - e phahameng; Potasiamo e phahameng ea mali

• Teko ea mali

Thaba ea DB. Mathata a potasiamo. Ka: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, li-eds. Brenner le Rector ea Liphio. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 18.

Seifter JL. Mathata a potasiamo. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 109.