Kalafo ea mofets'e

Haeba u na le mofetše, ngaka ea hau e tla u khothaletsa tsela e le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa tsa ho phekola lefu lena. Kalafo e atileng haholo ke ho buuoa, chemotherapy le radiation. Likhetho tse ling li kenyelletsa kalafo e reretsoeng, immunotherapy, laser, kalafo ea lihormone le tse ling. Mona ke kakaretso ea liphekolo tse fapaneng tsa mofets'e le hore na li sebetsa joang.

Phekolo

Phekolo ke kalafo e tloaelehileng bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea mofets'e. Nakong ea ts'ebetso, ngaka e buoang e ntša boima ba lisele tsa mofetše (hlahala) le lisele tse ling tse haufi. Ka linako tse ling, ho etsoa opereishene ho kokobetsa litla-morao tse bakoang ke hlahala.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy e bua ka lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše. Lithethefatsi li ka fanoa ka molomo kapa ka methapong ea mali (IV). Mefuta e fapaneng ea lithethefatsi e ka fanoa hammoho ka nako e le ngoe kapa ka ho latellana.

Mahlaseli a kotsi

Phekolo ea radiation e sebelisa x-ray, likaroloana, kapa lipeo tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše. Lisele tsa mofetše li hola le ho arohana kapele ho feta lisele tse tloaelehileng 'meleng. Hobane radiation e kotsi haholo ho lisele tse hola ka potlako, kalafo ea radiation e senya lisele tsa mofetše ho feta lisele tse tloaelehileng. Sena se thibela lisele tsa mofets'e ho hola le ho ikarola, mme se lebisa lefung la sele.

Mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea kalafo ea radiation ke:

• Lehlaseli la ka ntle. Ena ke foromo e atileng haholo. E ikemiselitse x-ray kapa likaroloana hlahala e tsoang kantle ho 'mele.
• Lehlaseli la ka hare. Foromo ena e fana ka mahlaseli ka har'a 'mele oa hau. E ka fanoa ke peo e ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi e kenngoang ka har'a hlahala kapa haufi le eona; mokelikeli kapa pilisi eo u e koenya; kapa ka methapo (intravenous, kapa IV).

Mekhoa ea kalafo e reretsoeng

Phekolo e lebisitsoeng e sebelisa lithethefatsi ho thibela mofetše ho hola le ho hasana. E etsa sena ka kotsi e fokolang liseleng tse tloaelehileng ho feta kalafo tse ling.

Chemotherapy e tloaelehileng e sebetsa ka ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše le lisele tse ling tse tloaelehileng. Kalafo e lebelletsoeng ea kalafo ho lipheo tse itseng (limolek'hule) liseleng tsa mofetše. Lipheo tsena li bapala karolo ea hore lisele tsa mofetše li hola le ho phela joang. Ho sebelisa liphofu tsena, sethethefatsi se koala lisele tsa mofetše hore li se ke tsa hasana.

Lithethefatsi tse lebisitsoeng li sebetsa ka litsela tse fapaneng. Ba ka:

• Koala tšebetso ea lisele tsa mofetše tse li etsang hore li hole le ho hasana
• Etsa hore lisele tsa mofetše li shoe ka botsona
• Bolaea lisele tsa kankere ka kotloloho

Litlhare tse lebisitsoeng li fanoa e le pilisi kapa IV.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy ke mofuta oa kalafo ea mofets'e e itšetlehileng ka bokhoni ba 'mele ba ho loants'a ts'oaetso (immune system). E sebelisa lintho tse entsoeng ke 'mele kapa laboraka ho thusa sesole sa' mele ho sebetsa ka thata kapa ka tsela e shebiloeng haholo ho loants'a mofets'e. Sena se thusa 'mele oa hau ho felisa lisele tsa mofetše.

Immunotherapy e sebetsa ka:

• Ho emisa kapa ho liehisa kholo ea lisele tsa mofetše
• Ho thibela mofetše hore o se ke oa namela likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele
• Ho matlafatsa boits'ireletso ba mmele ho felisa lisele tsa mofetše

Meriana ena e etselitsoe ho batla le ho hlasela likarolo tse itseng tsa sele ea mofets'e. Ba bang ba na le chefo kapa lintho tse ntšang mahlaseli a kotsi tse hokeletsoeng ho tsona. Immotherapy e fanoa ke IV.

Phekolo ea Hormonal

Kalafo ea Hormone e sebelisetsoa ho alafa mofetše o fehloang ke lihormone, joalo ka matsoele, senya le mofetše oa kankere. E sebelisa opereishene, kapa lithethefatsi ho emisa kapa ho thibela lihormone tsa tlhaho tsa 'mele. Sena se thusa ho liehisa kholo ea lisele tsa mofetše. Ho buuoa ho kenyelletsa ho tlosa litho tse etsang lihormone: mae a bomme kapa li-testes. Lithethefatsi li fanoa ka ente kapa lipilisi.

Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia e sebelisa mocheso ho senya le ho bolaea lisele tsa mofets'e ntle le ho senya lisele tse tloaelehileng.

E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa:

• Sebaka se senyane sa lisele, joalo ka hlahala
• Likarolo tsa 'mele, joalo ka setho kapa setho
• Mmele kaofela

Mocheso o fanoa ka mochini o ka ntle ho 'mele kapa ka nale kapa probe e behiloeng hlahala.

Phekolo ea Laser

Kalafo ea Laser e sebelisa lehlaseli le lesesaane haholo, la leseli ho senya lisele tsa mofetše. Phekolo ea laser e ka sebelisoa ho:

• Senya lihlahala le kholo ea pele
• Fokotsa lihlahala tse thibelang mpa, mala, kapa 'metso
• Thusa ho phekola matšoao a mofets'e, joalo ka ho tsoa mali
• Koala methapo ea kutlo kamora ho buuoa ho fokotsa bohloko
• Koala likepe tsa lymph kamora ho buuoa ho fokotsa ho ruruha le ho boloka lisele tsa hlahala li se ke tsa ata

Kalafo ea Laser hangata e fanoa ka tube e tšesaane, e bonesitsoeng e kenngoang kahare ho mmele. Likhoele tse tšesaane tse qetellong ea mothapo li lebisa khanya liseleng tsa mofetše. Lasers le eona e sebelisoa letlalong.

Lasers hangata e sebelisoa le mefuta e meng ea kalafo ea mofets'e joalo ka radiation le chemotherapy.

Phekolo ea Photodynamic

Phekolo ea Photodynamic, motho o thunngoa ke sethethefatsi se utloang mofuta o khethehileng oa khanya. Lithethefatsi li lula liseleng tsa mofetše nako e telele ho feta kamoo li lulang liseleng tse phetseng hantle. Ebe ngaka e lebisa leseli le tsoang ho laser kapa mohloling o mong liseleng tsa mofetše. Leseli le fetola sethethefatsi hore e be ntho e bolaeang lisele tsa mofets'e.

Cryotherapy

Hape e bitsoang cryosurgery, kalafo ena e sebelisa khase e batang haholo ho hoama le ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše. Ka linako tse ling e sebelisoa ho phekola lisele tse ka fetohang mofets'e (mohlala, lisele tsa pele ho mofets'e) letlalong kapa popelong, mohlala. Lingaka li ka sebelisa sesebelisoa se khethehileng ho isa cryotherapy ho lihlahala tse kahare 'meleng, joalo ka sebete kapa prostate.

Webosaete ea American Cancer Society. Kalafo le litla-morao. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. E fihlile ka la 11 Pulungoana.

Doroshow JH. Atamela mokuli ea nang le mofetše. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 169.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Mefuta ea kalafo ea mofets'e. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types. E fihlile ka la 11 Pulungoana.

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