Phekolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso: ke eng, e etsoa joang le hore na e ka phekoloa ke eng

Litaba

• E etsoa joang
• Mokhoa oa CRISPR
• Mokhoa oa koloi oa T-Cell
• Maloetse ao kalafo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka a phekolang
• Phekolo ea Gene khahlanong le mofetše

Phekolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, e tsejoang hape e le kalafo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa ho hlophisa liphatsa tsa lefutso, ke kalafo e ncha e nang le sete ea mekhoa e ka bang molemo ho phekoleng le ho thibela maloetse a rarahaneng, joalo ka mafu a lefutso le mofetše, ka ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka hlalosoa e le karolo ea mantlha ea lefutso mme li entsoe ka tatellano e ikhethileng ea li-acid tsa nucleic, ke hore, DNA le RNA, hape e nang le tlhaiso-leseling e amanang le litšobotsi tsa motho le bophelo ba hae. Kahoo, mofuta ona oa kalafo o na le ho baka liphetoho ho DNA ea lisele tse anngoeng ke lefu lena le ho kenya tšireletso ea 'mele molemong oa ho tseba lisele tse senyehileng le ho khothaletsa ho felisoa.

Maloetse a ka alafshoang ka tsela ena ke a amang phetoho e itseng ho DNA, joalo ka mofets'e, mafu a itšireletsang mafung, lefu la tsoekere, cystic fibrosis, hara mafu a mang a holofatsang kapa a lefutso, leha ho le joalo, maemong a mangata a ntse a le mothating oa nts'etsopele liteko.

E etsoa joang

Phekolo ea Gene e kenyelletsa ho sebelisa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho fapana le lithethefatsi ho alafa mafu. E etsoa ka ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa lisele tse sekiselitsoeng ke lefu ke tse ling tse tloaelehileng. Hajoale, kalafo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e entsoe ho sebelisoa mekhoa e 'meli ea limolek'hule, mokhoa oa CRISPR le mokhoa oa Car T-Cell:

Mokhoa oa CRISPR

Mokhoa oa CRISPR o na le ho fetola libaka tse ikhethileng tsa DNA tse ka amanang le mafu. Kahoo, mokhoa ona o lumella liphatsa tsa lefutso ho fetoloa libakeng tse itseng, ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, o potlakileng hape o sa bitse chelete e ngata. Ka kakaretso, mokhoa ona o ka etsoa ka mehato e 'maloa:

• Ho khetholloa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ikhethileng, tse ka bitsoang liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa tatellano.
• Kamora ho tsebahatsa, bo-rasaense ba theha tatellano ea "tataiso ea RNA" e tlatsetsang sebaka se lebisitsoeng;
• RNA ena e behiloe ka seleng hammoho le protheine ea Cas 9, e sebetsang ka ho seha tatellano ea DNA e lebisitsoeng;
• Joale, tatellano e ncha ea DNA e kentsoe tatellano e fetileng.

Boholo ba liphetoho tsa lefutso li kenyelletsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse liseleng tsa somatic, ke hore, lisele tse nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse sa fetisoeng ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong, ho fokotsa phetoho ho motho eo feela. Leha ho le joalo, lipatlisiso le liteko li hlahile moo mokhoa oa CRISPR o etsoang ka lisele tsa likokoana-hloko, ke hore, lehe kapa peo ea botona, tse hlahisitseng letoto la lipotso mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea leano le polokeho ea lona kholisong ea motho. .

Liphetho tsa nako e telele tsa thekniki le ho hlophisa liphatsa tsa lefutso ha li tsejoe. Bo-rasaense ba lumela hore ho qhekella liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho ho ka etsa hore motho a be kotsing ea ho hlaha ha liphetoho tse itlelang feela, tse ka lebisang tšebetsong ea sesole sa 'mele kapa ho hlaha ha mafu a tebileng.

Ntle le puisano e mabapi le ho hlophisoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho potoloha le monyetla oa phetoho ea tlhaho le phetisetso ea phetoho bakeng sa meloko e tlang, taba ea boits'oaro ea ts'ebetso e boetse e buisanoe ka bophara, kaha mokhoa ona o ka sebelisoa ho fetola lesea litšobotsi, joalo ka 'mala oa mahlo, bolelele,' mala oa moriri, jj.

Mokhoa oa koloi oa T-Cell

Mokhoa oa Car T-Cell o se o ntse o sebelisoa United States, Europe, China le Japane mme o sa tsoa sebelisoa Brazil ho phekola lymphoma. Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa ho fetola sesole sa 'mele e le hore lisele tsa hlahala li ka lemohuoa habonolo le ho ntšoa' meleng.

Bakeng sa sena, lisele tsa T tsa tšireletso tsa motho lia tlosoa 'me liphatsa tsa bona tsa lefutso li sebelisoa ka ho eketsa mofuta oa CAR liseleng, tse tsejoang e le chimeric antigen receptor. Kamora ho eketsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, palo ea lisele e ea eketseha mme ho tloha nakong eo ho netefatsoang palo e lekaneng ea lisele le ho ba teng ha meaho e ikamahantsoeng le ho feta bakeng sa ho amohela hlahala, ho na le tšibollo ea ho mpefala hoa sesole sa 'mele sa motho, ebe, ente ea lisele tsa ts'ireletso tse fetotsoeng ka mofuta oa CAR.

Kahoo, ho na le ts'ebetso ea boits'ireletso ba mmele, e qalang ho amohela lisele tsa hlahala habonolo mme e khona ho felisa lisele tsena ka nepo.

Maloetse ao kalafo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka a phekolang

Phekolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e ts'episa kalafo ea lefu lefe kapa lefe la lefutso, leha ho le joalo, ho ba bang e se e ka etsoa kapa e se e le mohatong oa liteko. Ho hlophisa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ithutiloe ka sepheo sa ho phekola maloetse a liphatsa tsa lefutso, joalo ka cystic fibrosis, congenital blindness, hemophilia le sickle cell anemia, ka mohlala, empa e boetse e nkuoa e le mokhoa o ka khothalletsang thibelo ea mafu a tebileng le a rarahaneng. , joalo ka mohlala mofetše, lefu la pelo le tšoaetso ea HIV, mohlala.

Leha e ithutiloe haholoanyane bakeng sa kalafo le thibelo ea mafu, ho hlophisoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho ka sebelisoa le ho limela, e le hore li mamelle phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le ho hanela likokoana-hloko le meriana e bolaeang likokonyana, le lijong ka sepheo sa ho ba le phepo e ntle. .

Phekolo ea Gene khahlanong le mofetše

Phekolo ea Gene bakeng sa kalafo ea mofets'e e se e ntse e etsoa linaheng tse ling mme e bontšoa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa linyeoe tse itseng tsa leukemias, lymphomas, melanomas kapa sarcomas. Mofuta ona oa kalafo o kenyelletsa haholo-holo ho kenya ts'ebetsong lisele tsa ts'ireletso tsa 'mele ho amohela lisele tsa hlahala le ho li felisa, tse etsoang ka ho kenya lisele kapa livaerase tse fetotsoeng liphatsa tsa lefutso' meleng oa mokuli.

Ho lumeloa hore, nakong e tlang, kalafo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e tla sebetsa hantle le ho nka sebaka kalafo ea mofets'e ea hajoale, leha ho le joalo, kaha e ntse e le theko e phahameng ebile e hloka theknoloji e tsoetseng pele, ho bonts'oa ka mokhoa o khethehileng maemong a sa arabeleng kalafo ka chemotherapy, radiotherapy le ho buoa.